Utility Programs

Question 1

How do files on a Hard Drive become “fragmented”

Answer 1

Files on a computer may be stored on a hard disk drive. A hard disk saves files as fragments on a disk. Large disks may not have a single continuous empty space large enough to hold a big file. The file is saved as different parts.

Question 2

Explain the process of defragmentation.

Answer 2

When files are stored they’re scattered- causing the computer to slow down. Defragmentation is when all of the files that have things in common are brought together.

Question 3

Explain Task Scheduling.

Answer 3

Task Scheduling is when the CPU allocates time for each task or program that the computer has running.

Question 4

Explain Time Slicing.

Answer 4

When CPU is allocated for each task or programme, so that you can have multiple tasks open.

Question 5

What is a backup?

Answer 5

Backup involves making copies of file or programs in case the original one becomes corrupt.

Question 6

What is the importance of backing up data?

Answer 6

It ensures you have an up-to-date copy. A backup of software to protect against viruses- can be backed up to other external hard disks, magnetic tape or to the cloud.

Question 7

What are the different types of backup?

Answer 7

• Full Backup: Copies all files
• Differential Backup: Preserves data, saving only the difference in the data since the last full backup.
• Incremental Backup: A security copy which contains only those files which have been altered since the last full backup.