UTI

Question 1

Inflammation of kidney

Answer 1

Pyelonephritis

Question 2

Inflammation of bladder

Answer 2

Cystitis

Question 3

Inflammation of prostate

Answer 3

Prostatitis

Question 4

Inflammation of urethra

Answer 4

Urethritis

Question 5

Pathogenesis of UTI

Answer 5

Most urinalysis pathogens originate in the rectal flora and enter the bladder via the urethra

The lower urethra is transiently contaminated with microorganisms

Microorganisms are prevented from ascending by host defences

Disturbances of any of these defences predisposes to ascending infection

Infecting organisms have virulence factors to try and over come defences

Question 6

Virulence factors of E.coli

Answer 6

Flagellae ( for motility)
Aerobactin (for fe acquisition In fe poor urinalysis tract )
Haemolysin (to form pores in target cells )
Presence of adhesions on bacterial pill and cell surface

Question 7

2 types of E. coli and what they cause

Answer 7

Those with type I pili- cystitis

Those with TyPe P pili- pyelonephritis

Question 8

Host defences in urinary tract

Answer 8

NEUTROPHILS
adhesions activate receptors on muscosal surface with result in neutrophil activation

Urine OSMOLALITY and PH

COMPLEMENT
complement activation with

COMMENSAL ORGASNISMS

URINE FLOW
Washes out Bacteria

UROEPITHELIUM
Proteins present that have anti bacterial properties

BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS
women who are non secretors of ABH blood antigens are 3-4 times more likely to have recurrent UTIs

Question 9

Uncomplicated UTI

Answer 9

Confined to lower tract
Typically affects women
Responds to minimal therapy
Causes include urethral damage usually associated with sexual intercourse

Question 10

Complicated UTI

Answer 10

Anatomical or functional abnormalities affecting urine flow 
Prescence of foreign bodies eg catheter 
Resistant pathogens 
Immunosuppression 
Prostatic hypertrophy

Question 11

HOST risk factors of uti

Answer 11

HEALTHY PREMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
sexual intercourse/ spermicide use
History of UTIS/ mother with history of UTI
Taking antimicrobial agents

HEALTHY POST MENOPAUSAL WOMEN
recurrent UTI/ uriniary incontence
Mechinal or physiological factors affecting bladder emptying

Pregnancy
Elderly
Diabetic , patients with gout