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Reproductive System > Uterus and Ovarian Disorders > Flashcards

Uterus and Ovarian Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

define benign ovarian cysts/tumours

A

formation of benign cysts around the ovaries and fallopian tubes

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2
Q

describe benign epithelial neoplastic cysts (serou cystadenoma)

A

cysts that develop papillary growths to point where they can appear solid
common in women 40-50yrs

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3
Q

describe benign epithelial neoplastic cysts (mucinous cystadenoma)

A

large ovarian cysts/tumours
filled with mucinous material
common in women 20-40yrs

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4
Q

describe benign neoplastic cystic tumour of germ cells

A

cysts arising from primitive germ cells that contain well-differentiated tissues
common in young women

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5
Q

risk factors of ovarian cyst formation

A

obesity
early menarche
infertility
tamoxifen therapy

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6
Q

clinical features of ovarian cysts

A

dull ache/pain in lower abdomen + back
dyspareunia
swollen abdomen with palpable mass
increases urinary frequency

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7
Q

investigations of ovarian cysts

A

urine pregnancy test
bloods (FBC, U+Es)
transvaginal or transabdominal US

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8
Q

management of ovarian cysts <50mm

A

no follow up as self-resolving

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9
Q

management of ovarian cysts 50-70mm

A

yearly US follow up

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10
Q

management of ovarian cysts >70mm

A

further MRI or surgical intervention (e.g. cystectomy)

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11
Q

clinical features of ovarian cyst rupture

A

acute unilateral pain brought on by exercise or sexual intercourse
fainting
nausea and vomiting

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12
Q

investigations of ovarian cyst rupture

A

serum or urine β-hCG
transabdominal or transvaginal US
diagnostic laparoscopy

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13
Q

define polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

A

a heterogeneous disorder causing metabolic and reproductive problems in women characterised by:

polycystic ovarian morphololgy
ovulation disorders
hyperandrogenism

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14
Q

describe the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS

A

PCOS diagnosed based on the presentation of at least 2/3 main features of:

oligoovulation or anovulation
hyperandrogenism
polycystic ovaries on US

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15
Q

risk factors of PCOS

A

FH of PCOS
obesity
smoking
diabetes

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16
Q

clinical features of PCOS

A 
hirsutism 
sub-fertility 
mood changes/depression
fatigue 
weight changes + issues losing weight 
male pattern baldness + thinning hair 
high testosterone levels acne 
low sex drive 
oligoovulation or anovulation
17
Q

blood investigations of PCOS

A

FBC
U+Es
TFTs
serum LH, FSH, E2, oestrogen, prolactin, testosterone and SHBG
fasting glucose or oral glucose tolerance

18
Q

imaging investigation of PCOS

A

transabdominal or transvaginal US

19
Q

conservative management of PCOS

A

weight loss and exercise control

education about risks to health

20
Q

medical management of PCOS (not planning pregnancy)

A

co-cyprindrol
combined oral contraceptive pill
metformin

21
Q

medical management of PCOS (planning pregnancy)

A

clomiphene
metformin
gonadotrophins

22
Q

surgical management of PCOS (if other treatment fails)

A

ovarian drilling

23
Q

define pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

spreading of an infection from the vagina to the cervix and upper genital tract

24
Q

primary causes of PID

A

chlamydia
gonorrhoea
mycoplasma genitalium

25
Q

risk factors of PID

A

young age
multiple sexual partners
history of STI
interruption of cervical barrier

26
Q

clinical features of PID

A

bilateral abdominal pain
abnormal vaginal or cervical discharge
abnormal vaginal bleed
deep dyspareunia

27
Q

signs of PID

A

adnexal tenderness
cervical motion tenderness on bimanual examination
fever

28
Q

investigations of PID

A 
pregnancy test
high vaginal swab 
bloods (FBC, ESR, CRP + serum HIV + syphilis)
transabdominal US
MRI or CT pelvis
29
Q

management of PID

A 
analgesia 
empirical antibiotics (e.g. ofloxacin and metronidazole)
30
Q

describe Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome

A

presentation of RUQ pain in those with PID due to secondary inflammation of liver capsule

31
Q

investigations of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome

A

abdominal US

diagnostic laparoscopy

Reproductive System (12 decks)

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