Reproductive Cancers Flashcards
define vaginal cancer
a typically squamous cell carcinoma involving the posterior wall of the upper 1/3rd of the vagina
risk factors of vaginal cancer
FH of vaginal cancer
HIV +ve
clinical features of vaginal cancer
vaginal bleeding/bloody discharge back aches/pains bilateral leg oedema changes in bowel + urinary habits 'lumps' within the pelvic area
investigations of vaginal cancer
bloods (FBC, U+Es, LFTs, RFTs and CA-125)
CT scan
CXR
colposcopy
management of vaginal cancer
surgery and radiotherapy in early stages
rapid hysterectomy and removal of upper vagina
define endometrial cancer
a cancer of the endometrium of the uterus that is predominantly adenocarcinoma in nature
describe the two types of endometrial cancer
oestrogen-dependent endometriod (Type I)
oestrogen-independent non endometriod (Type II)
risk factors of endometrial cancer
nultiparity menopause (>52yrs) early menarche obesity tamoxifen MH of PCOS or diabetes
clinical features of endometrial cancer
post-menopausal bleeds
vaginal discharge
investigations of endometrial cancer
transvaginal US
CXR
hysteroscopy or pipelle
management of endometrial cancer (within uterus, Stage I-II)
hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
management of endometrial cancer (outside uterus, Stage III-IV)
maximal debulking surgery
chemotherapy and radiotherapy
define ovarian cancer
a cancer arising from the ovaries that is commonly epithelial in nature
risk factors of ovarian cancer
older age smoking early menarche or late menopause obesity HRT for >5yrs MH of endometriosis BRCA 1 + 2
protective factors of ovarian cancer
breastfeeding
parity
early menopause
COCP use
clinical features of ovarian cancer
abdominal discomfort bloating early satiety urinary frequency or change in bowel habits palpable mass pelvis/back pain
investigations of ovarian cancer
bloods (FBC, U+Es, CA-125, AFP)
pelvic + abdominal US
CT pelvis
biopsy via laparotomy
management of early ovarian cancer (no focus on preserving fertility)
infracolic omentectomy
management of early ovarian cancer (focus on preserving fertility)
unilateral salpingo-oopherectomy
management of late stage ovarian cancer
debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy
