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Reproductive System > Reproductive Cancers > Flashcards

Reproductive Cancers Flashcards

1
Q

define vaginal cancer

A

a typically squamous cell carcinoma involving the posterior wall of the upper 1/3rd of the vagina

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2
Q

risk factors of vaginal cancer

A

FH of vaginal cancer

HIV +ve

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3
Q

clinical features of vaginal cancer

A 
vaginal bleeding/bloody discharge 
back aches/pains 
bilateral leg oedema 
changes in bowel + urinary habits 
'lumps' within the pelvic area
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4
Q

investigations of vaginal cancer

A

bloods (FBC, U+Es, LFTs, RFTs and CA-125)
CT scan
CXR
colposcopy

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5
Q

management of vaginal cancer

A

surgery and radiotherapy in early stages

rapid hysterectomy and removal of upper vagina

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6
Q

define endometrial cancer

A

a cancer of the endometrium of the uterus that is predominantly adenocarcinoma in nature

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7
Q

describe the two types of endometrial cancer

A

oestrogen-dependent endometriod (Type I)

oestrogen-independent non endometriod (Type II)

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8
Q

risk factors of endometrial cancer

A 
nultiparity 
menopause (>52yrs) 
early menarche 
obesity 
tamoxifen 
MH of PCOS or diabetes
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9
Q

clinical features of endometrial cancer

A

post-menopausal bleeds

vaginal discharge

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10
Q

investigations of endometrial cancer

A

transvaginal US
CXR
hysteroscopy or pipelle

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11
Q

management of endometrial cancer (within uterus, Stage I-II)

A

hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

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12
Q

management of endometrial cancer (outside uterus, Stage III-IV)

A

maximal debulking surgery

chemotherapy and radiotherapy

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13
Q

define ovarian cancer

A

a cancer arising from the ovaries that is commonly epithelial in nature

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14
Q

risk factors of ovarian cancer

A 
older age 
smoking 
early menarche or late menopause 
obesity 
HRT for >5yrs 
MH of endometriosis
BRCA 1 + 2
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15
Q

protective factors of ovarian cancer

A

breastfeeding
parity
early menopause
COCP use

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16
Q

clinical features of ovarian cancer

A 
abdominal discomfort 
bloating 
early satiety 
urinary frequency or change in bowel habits 
palpable mass 
pelvis/back pain
17
Q

investigations of ovarian cancer

A

bloods (FBC, U+Es, CA-125, AFP)
pelvic + abdominal US
CT pelvis
biopsy via laparotomy

18
Q

management of early ovarian cancer (no focus on preserving fertility)

A

infracolic omentectomy

19
Q

management of early ovarian cancer (focus on preserving fertility)

A

unilateral salpingo-oopherectomy

20
Q

management of late stage ovarian cancer

A

debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy

Reproductive System (12 decks)

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