Using Resources Paper 2

Question 1

What is the definition of a renewable resource

Answer 1

-A renewable resource is a resource that can be replenished naturally over short periods of time, such as solar energy, wind energy

Question 2

What are the main stages in the life cycle

Answer 2

Raw material extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use and disposal

Question 3

What is bioleaching?

Answer 3

Bacteria are added in with low-grade ores. The bacteria break down the ores to create a solution rich in copper compounds known as a leachate solution. We can easily extract copper from leachate solution.

Question 4

What is phytomining?

Answer 4

plants absorb the metal compounds through their roots
plants are then harvested and burned to form ash. Ash dissolved in acid
ash contains the metal compounds needed and are then processed and purified.
pure metal is collected through electrolysis or displacement

Question 5

How is potable water produced through fresh water (rain)?

Answer 5

Water from reservoir is passed through filter bed to filter solids
Then water is sterlised using chlorine (chlorination) or UV light producing potable water

Question 6

What is desalination? Methods?

Answer 6

Removal of salt from a solution
Reverse osmosis
Distillation

Question 7

How is sewage water treated?

Answer 7

Grits and solids are screened out
Then water passed through sedimatation tanks and split to effluent and sludge
Effluent undergoes aerobic biological treatment and water is released
Sludge goes through anaerobic digestion and waste used as fertiliser

Question 8

Corrosion (rusting) in iron?

Answer 8

when iron reacts with water and oxygen in the air

Question 9

Why doesn’t aluminium corrode?

Answer 9

Aluminium doesn’t corrode as it naturally forms an oxide layer that protects it

Question 10

Ways to prevent Corrosion?

Answer 10

Grease (lubricant)
Paint
Electroplating
Sacrificial protection

Question 11

What is electroplating?

Answer 11

involves a new thin layer of metal through electrolysis or make alloy

Question 12

What is Sacrificial protection?

Answer 12

Chuck of More reactive metal is used so react with o2 and water instead e.g. galvanisation

Question 13

What are ceramics?

Answer 13

Ceramics are brittle, non-metallic solids with high melting points
E.g. glass

Question 14

Difference between thermosetting and thermosoftening polymers?

Answer 14

Thermosoftening polymers melt when they’re heated as no strong bonds
Thermosetting polymers have strong cross-links between polymer chains, so burn at high temperatures

Question 15

Haber process?

Answer 15

High pressure 200pa
High temperature 450⁰c
Reversible reaction
Nitrogen + hydrogen to make ammonia
Iron catalyst

Question 16

Uses for ammonia?

Answer 16

Nitrogen based fertiliser

Question 17

Why is 450⁰c and iron used in haber process?

Answer 17

As forward reaction os exothermic so temperature not too high to speed reaction and produce high yield
Iron helps system reach equilibrium

Question 18

Why can’t Phosphate rock be used directly in NPK fertiliser?

Answer 18

Phosphate rock can’t be directly used in the fertiliser because the phosphate is insoluble, so phosphates are first reacted with acids

Question 19

What happens is waste water is released to environment?

Answer 19

Water born disease
Eutrophication
Chemical poisoning

Question 20

Difference in arrangements of high density and low density polymers?

Answer 20

HDP are neatly regularly arranged whereas LDP are irregular and speard out

Question 21

Example of composite?

Answer 21

Plywood
Concrete
Fiberglass

Question 22

Advantages of NPK fertiliser?

Answer 22

Higher yield
Growth in poor soil
Faster growth
Cheaper food

Question 23

Disadvantages to NPK fertiliser?

Answer 23

Euphication leads to increase plant growth in water which removes o2 as plants die and are decomposed by bacteria so less o2 dissolved in water killing fish

Question 24

Euphication?

Answer 24

Eutrophication is the process in which a water body becomes overly enriched with nutrients, leading to the plentiful growth of simple plant life

Question 25

What is a Formulation?

Answer 25

Formulations are mixtures with specific formula