Using Resources Paper 2 Flashcards
What is the definition of a renewable resource
-A renewable resource is a resource that can be replenished naturally over short periods of time, such as solar energy, wind energy
What are the main stages in the life cycle
Raw material extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use and disposal
What is bioleaching?
Bacteria are added in with low-grade ores. The bacteria break down the ores to create a solution rich in copper compounds known as a leachate solution. We can easily extract copper from leachate solution.
What is phytomining?
plants absorb the metal compounds through their roots
plants are then harvested and burned to form ash. Ash dissolved in acid
ash contains the metal compounds needed and are then processed and purified.
pure metal is collected through electrolysis or displacement
How is potable water produced through fresh water (rain)?
Water from reservoir is passed through filter bed to filter solids
Then water is sterlised using chlorine (chlorination) or UV light producing potable water
What is desalination? Methods?
Removal of salt from a solution
Reverse osmosis
Distillation
How is sewage water treated?
Grits and solids are screened out
Then water passed through sedimatation tanks and split to effluent and sludge
Effluent undergoes aerobic biological treatment and water is released
Sludge goes through anaerobic digestion and waste used as fertiliser
Corrosion (rusting) in iron?
when iron reacts with water and oxygen in the air
Why doesn’t aluminium corrode?
Aluminium doesn’t corrode as it naturally forms an oxide layer that protects it
Ways to prevent Corrosion?
Grease (lubricant)
Paint
Electroplating
Sacrificial protection
What is electroplating?
involves a new thin layer of metal through electrolysis or make alloy
What is Sacrificial protection?
Chuck of More reactive metal is used so react with o2 and water instead e.g. galvanisation
What are ceramics?
Ceramics are brittle, non-metallic solids with high melting points
E.g. glass
Difference between thermosetting and thermosoftening polymers?
Thermosoftening polymers melt when they’re heated as no strong bonds
Thermosetting polymers have strong cross-links between polymer chains, so burn at high temperatures
Haber process?
High pressure 200pa
High temperature 450⁰c
Reversible reaction
Nitrogen + hydrogen to make ammonia
Iron catalyst
Uses for ammonia?
Nitrogen based fertiliser
Why is 450⁰c and iron used in haber process?
As forward reaction os exothermic so temperature not too high to speed reaction and produce high yield
Iron helps system reach equilibrium
Why can’t Phosphate rock be used directly in NPK fertiliser?
Phosphate rock can’t be directly used in the fertiliser because the phosphate is insoluble, so phosphates are first reacted with acids
What happens is waste water is released to environment?
Water born disease
Eutrophication
Chemical poisoning
Difference in arrangements of high density and low density polymers?
HDP are neatly regularly arranged whereas LDP are irregular and speard out
Example of composite?
Plywood
Concrete
Fiberglass
Advantages of NPK fertiliser?
Higher yield
Growth in poor soil
Faster growth
Cheaper food
Disadvantages to NPK fertiliser?
Euphication leads to increase plant growth in water which removes o2 as plants die and are decomposed by bacteria so less o2 dissolved in water killing fish
Euphication?
Eutrophication is the process in which a water body becomes overly enriched with nutrients, leading to the plentiful growth of simple plant life
What is a Formulation?
Formulations are mixtures with specific formula
