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chemistry > Organic Chemistry Paper 2 > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Paper 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

Compounds that only contain hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

What is crude oil

A

The remains of dead organisms that lived millions of years ago

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3
Q

What is crude oil an important source of

A

Fuel and feedstock

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4
Q

What is crude oil an important source of

A

Fuel and feedstock

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5
Q

What is the general formula for alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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6
Q

What are the first 4 alkanes you need to know

A

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane

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7
Q

Are alkanes saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbons

A

Saturated as it’s a single bond

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8
Q

Describe the process of fractional distillation

A

First heat the crude oil. heated crude oil enters a tall fractionating column which is hot at the bottom and gets cooler towards the top. vapours from the oil rise through the column vapours condense when they become cool enough. liquids are led out of the column at different heights

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9
Q

Why do small hydrocarbon molecules have low boiling points

A

They have weak intermolecular forces that don’t require a lot of energy to overcome

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10
Q

What is viscosity

A

A measure of how difficult it is for the substance to flow- higher viscosity means it’s more thick

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11
Q

What properties do smaller hydrocarbons have

A

Boiling points below room temperature
Very flammable
Low viscosity

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12
Q

What properties do larger hydrocarbons have

A

High boiling point (above room temperature)
Difficult to ignite
High viscosity

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13
Q

When does complete combustion occur

A

When there is a good supply of air(oxygen)

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14
Q

Is complete combustion exothermic or endothermic

A

Exothermic

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15
Q

What is the word formula for complete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon +oxygen —-> carbon dioxide +water

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16
Q

What is the word equation of incomplete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen——-> carbon monoxide + water

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17
Q

What is cracking

A

Cracking
is a reaction in which larger saturated
hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules, some of which are unsaturated

18
Q

Hexane is cracked to form butane and what (C6H14 → C4H10 +??)

A

Ethene

19
Q

What are the two types of cracking

A

Catalyst and steam

20
Q

Why is cracking important

A

Produces alkenes which are useful for feedstock for the petrochemical industry

21
Q

Are alkene saturated or unsaturated hydrogen carbons and why

A

Unsaturated as it has a double bond

22
Q

What is the test for alkenes and the result

A

Bromine water
Orange—> colourless

23
Q

What is the general formula for alkenes

A

CnH2n

24
Q

What is the product of an alkene + water

A

Alcohol

25
Q

What is the general formula for alcohols

A

CnH2n+1OH

26
Q

Is fermentation an aerobic or anaerobic process

A

Anaerobic as it does not require oxygen

27
Q

What are the required conditions for fermentation

A

Warm temperatures 25 -35 degrees

sugars dissolved in water, and mixed with yeast 40⁰c

an air lock to allow carbon dioxide out, while stopping air getting in

28
Q

What is the word equation for fermentation

A

glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide

29
Q

What are the first 4 alcohols

A

Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol

30
Q

When alcohols are oxidised what do they produces

A

A carboxylic acid

31
Q

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids

A

COOH

32
Q

What is produced when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol

A

Ester and water

33
Q

What is a polymer

A

A large molecule formed from many identical smaller molecules know as monomers

34
Q

Alcohol + water?

A

Neutral solution

35
Q

carboxylic acid + metal carbonate?

A

When carboxylic acids react with metal carbonates, they form a salt, water and carbon dioxide

36
Q

Carboxylic acid + water? Why?

A

Weak acid as partially ionises in water

37
Q

ethanoic acid + ethanol?

A

ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol it forms the ester ethyl ethanoate + water

38
Q

What is polymerisation? Types?

A

Monomer molecules react together to form polymers
addition polymerisation condensation polymerisation

39
Q

Additional polymerisation?

A

Alkenes

40
Q

Condensation polymerisation?

A

With 2 functional groups
Water is produced
OH + COOH forms a polyester

chemistry (12 decks)

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