Using Resources Flashcards
what do humans use the earths resources for
to provide warmth, shelter, food and transport
what do natural resources provide
food
timber
clothing
fuels
why are finite resources from the earth, oceans and atmosphere processed
to provide energy and materials
what does chemistry play an important role in
improving agricultural and industrial processes to provide new products
sustainable development
what is sustainable development
development that meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
what are renewable energy resources
sources of power that quickly replenish themselves and can be used again
only includes plants or wood if they continue to be replanted
what are finite resources
resources with a limited supply that will eventually run out
what is potable water
water of a suitable quality which is essential for life so is safe to drink
what does water need for humans
sufficiently low amounts of dissolved salts and microbes
potable water production process
1 filtered so leaves stones and large material is removed
2 water moves and only sediment settles at the bottom of the tank
3 add aluminium sulphate making the particles clump together and settles at the bottom
4 water is passed through fine sand and gravel to remove more particles
5 sterilisation occurs to kill microbes using chlorine or uv light
6 check the ph and adjust it if needed
how do you purify salty water
desalination
desalination by distillation
1- salty water is evaporated as sea water is heated
2- water is cooled and condensed
3- salt is left in the first tank
4- creates pure freshwater
desalination by reverse osmosis
1-using high pressure, salty water is forced through a semi permeable membrane
2- the salt is removed and the water moves through
disadvantages of desalination
both methods are very expensive
sewage water treatment process
1 sewage arrives to the pumping station and large objects are filtered from the water through a mesh screen
2- primary sedimentation -large paddles swirl the water and solids sink and are collected at the bottom
3- biological treatment- bacteria feed aerobically on organic matter and kill harmful bacteria
4- secondary sedimentation- good bacteria are removed here
5- water is sterilised using chlorine, ozone or uv light
6- it is pumped into seas and rivers
7- waste is digested by anaerobic respiration in a biogas tank
what is the sewage leftover used for
fertiliser
biogas
solid fuel
landfill sites
to generate electricity
where is it cheapest and easiest to obtain potable water from
groundwater
wastewater
when is seawater easier to obtain potable water
for countries with little fresh water
production of biogases in a biogas tank
1 sewage waste containing organic matter goes into the slurry
2 carried out at temp between 35 and 55 degrees
3 in the digester microorganisms will respire anaerobically to produce biogas
4 any solid matter left is pumped out of the outlet and used as fertiliser
why are life cycle assessments carried out
to assess the environmental impact of a product through all stages of its life
what are the stages of the life cycle assessment
raw materials
manufacture
distribution
product use
disposal of the product
what does the raw materials stage of the LCA deduce
are they renewable/non renewable
where are they found
how far do they need to be transported
what does the manufacturing stage of the LCA deduce
what processes are needed for manufacture of the materials and the product
what does the distribution stage of the LCA deduce
the environmental impacts of transporting the product
how far it has to be transported
what does the product use stage of the LCA deduce
does it have an environmental impact
how long will it last
can it be reused or repurposed
what does the disposal of the product stage of the LCA deduce
can it be used in another way
is it biodegradable
is there a choice between landfill, incineration or recycling
raw materials stage of lca for a paper bag
the wood from the trees that is used to make the paper is not a finite resource
the logs need to be transported to a mill for processing
manufacture stage of lca of a paper bag
the trees are debarked and chipped into wood chips in a factory
the chips are cooked with chemicals to a pulp which is bleached to make it white and chlorine is added
distribution stage of LCA of a paper bag
the finished product is shipped around the world which has environmental impacts as the vehicles used to transport the goods will use fossil fuels
product use stage of lca of a paper bag
people use paper everyday
it is not often used very resourcefully
disposal of the product stage of the lca of a paper bag
paper once used can either go into landfill or it can go in the recycling to be made into new paper
raw materials stage of the lca of a plastic bag
oil needs to be extracted to create plastic bags which is a non renewable product
oil is a finite resource
manufacture stage of the lca of a plastic bag
oil undergoes a chemical reaction to turn it into a solid plastic
it is then blown into plastic bags
distribution stage of lca of a plastic bag
shipped all around the world which will have environmental impacts as more fossil fuels will be used
product use stage of lca of a plastic bag
plastic bags usually are only used once or twice before getting thrown away
disposal of the product stage of lca of a plastic bag
thousands of tonnes get sent to landfill where they cannot biodegrade and others can be recycled and will be turned back into bags or brand new items altogether
what is low grade copper ores
rock that has small amounts of copper in it
what are the methods of extracting copper
phytomining
bioleaching
what does phytomining use
plants
process of phytomining
plants are planted on low grade copper ores. they absorb copper ions from the soil by their roots. can grow plants on contaminated soil
the plants are burned which releases carbon dioxide. you are left with plant ash containing copper ions in copper oxide
we use electrolysis to extract the copper from the copper oxide
features of the phytomining process
slow process
can be made quicker by using fast growing plants
renewable source used
carbon neutral so plants take in co2 during photosynthesis which is released when burnt
what does bioleaching use
bacteria
process of bioleaching
the bacteria feed on low grade copper ores and produce a leachate
the leachate contains copper ions
we use electrolysis to extract the copper from the leachate