Using Resources Flashcards
The method used to dig the metal ore from the ground is called… what?
mining
example of a finite resource?
crude oil
Finite resources are those that _____ __ _________ at a similar rate to the rate at which they are used.
cannot be replaced
_______ _________ are those that cannot be replaced at a similar rate to the rate at which they are used.
Finite resources
Finite resources are those that cannot be replaced at a similar rate to the rate at which ___ __ ____.
they are used
A company is using bioleaching to extract copper from copper ores. This involves using bacteria to produce solutions that contain copper compounds. These solutions are called… what?
leachates
Humans use the Earth’s resources to provide warmth, shelter, __________ and transport.
food
The use of bacteria to absorb copper compounds and make copper-rich solutions known as leachates is called what?
bioleaching
Which energy resource is used in the highest proportion?
oil
Sugar cane can be grown, processed to make ethanol and then replanted to repeat the process. In this case, what type of resource is sugar cane?
renewable
Why might a tyre manufacturer choose to use synthetic rubber instead of natural rubber?
Synthetic rubber is easier to make and its properties can be better controlled.
Which method of extraction uses organisms that absorb metal compounds?
phytomining and bioleaching
What type of development meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs?
sustainable development
Wheat farmers can increase the amount of wheat they grow by using genetically modified crops and by controlling the growing conditions. In this example, is agriculture being used to replace or supplement natural products?
supplement natural products
What metal is often extracted and purified from its ore using both smelting and electrolysis?
copper
Copper can be _________ from its ore by heating with carbon because it is less reactive than carbon. Electrolysis is then used to remove impurities from the copper.
extracted
Copper can be extracted from its ___ by heating with carbon because it is less reactive than carbon. Electrolysis is then used to remove impurities from the copper.
ore
Copper can be extracted from its ore by _______ ____ ________ because it is less reactive than carbon. Electrolysis is then used to remove impurities from the copper.
heating with carbon
Copper can be extracted from its ore by heating with carbon because it is ___ ______ than carbon. Electrolysis is then used to remove impurities from the copper.
less reactive
Copper can be extracted from its ore by heating with carbon because it is less reactive than carbon. ____________ is then used to remove impurities from the copper.
Electrolysis
Copper can be extracted from its ore by heating with carbon because it is less reactive than carbon. Electrolysis is then used to ________ ___________ from the copper.
remove impurities
Copper can be extracted from its ore by heating with carbon because it is less reactive than carbon. Electrolysis is then used to remove impurities from the ________.
copper
Finite resources from the Earth are processed to provide __________, which is measured in joules.
energy
What kind of energy source are fossil fuels: renewable or non-renewable?
non-renewable
Unlike fossil fuels, biofuels are an example of what type of resource?
renewable
New ways are being developed to extract copper from low-grade copper ores. Why is this necessary?
high-grade copper ores are now scarce
Copper can be extracted by allowing it to accumulate in plants that are then burned to produce copper-rich ash. What is this called?
phytomining
Which method of extraction involves producing an ash that contains metal compounds?
phytomining
A resource that can be removed from the environment without it running out is described as what?
sustainable
Because there is now a very high demand, __________ production no longer comes from just small-scale cattle farmers; it is also supplemented by factory farms. What type of food completes the sentence?
beef
What industry provides resources for food, timber, clothing and fuels?
agriculture
There are two types of rubber: natural rubber made from the latex sap in trees, and synthetic rubber that is made from petroleum. Which of these is easier to produce in large quantities?
synthetic rubber
True or false? Water of the correct quality is essential to human survival.
true
Drinking water should have sufficiently low levels of __________ to prevent disease.
microbes
During waste water treatment, sedimentation produces effluent and… what?
sewage sludge
True or false? Most of our drinking water in the UK is purified sea water.
false
True or false? Some people use water filters containing silver to improve the quality of their tap water.
true
True or false? Silver is used to kill microbes
true
Name the process that is used to remove any insoluble solids from drinking water.
filtration
True or false? The water we drink contains no dissolved salts or microbes.
false
One way to perform desalination is to use a membrane in the process of __________ osmosis.
reverse osmosis
If there isn’t much fresh water available, salty water or sea water can be __________.
distilled
True or false? Some people use water filters containing carbon to improve the quality of their tap water.
true
Sewage treatment includes the __________ biological treatment of effluent. What word completes the sentence?
aerobic
Adam says: ‘I don’t think it should be added to drinking water. Some people think it can lead to a higher risk of certain cancers and bone problems, and you can get the amount you need from toothpaste anyway.’ What substance is he talking about?
fluorine
What is the name of the sewage discharged into a river or the sea?
effluent
Distillation is not used to purify the water supplied to our homes because it uses too much… what?
energy
Sewage treatment involves what type of digestion of sewage sludge?
anaerobic digestion
True or false? Desalination carried out by distillation requires a large amount of energy.
true
What process is carried out on potable water to kill any microbes?
sterilisation
Does organic matter need to be removed from sewage waste water in order to make it potable?
yes otherwise it causes illness
True or false? Sources of the drinking water supplied to homes in the UK include reservoirs and natural lakes and rivers.
true
Name the process that can be used to produce completely pure water.
distillation
Name a method used to purify water
distillation
Urban lifestyles and industrial processes produce large amounts of __________ water that requires treatment before being released into the environment.
waste
Injecting chlorine gas into drinking water destroys what type of organism?
microbes
What is the name of the large particles that sewage treatment removes to avoid damaging pumps?
grit
True or false? The water supplied to UK homes has been purified by distillation.
false
Name the chemical that is added to drinking water in the UK to prevent tooth decay.
fluorine
True or false? In any location, the methods used to produce potable water depend on what the available supply of water is.
true
Drinking water should have sufficiently low levels of dissolved __________ to be safe to drink by humans.
salts
To be safe for drinking, water should contain ____ ______ of dissolved salts.
low levels
To be safe for drinking, water should contain low levels of __________ ____.
dissolved salts
True or false? Drinking water is treated to ensure it has low enough levels of dissolved salts.
true
____ ______ of dissolved salts could be harmful to humans.
high levels
High levels of ___________ ______ could be harmful to humans.
dissolved salts
High levels of dissolved salts could be ________ to humans.
harmful
Naomi says: ‘I think it definitely should be added to drinking water. The potential risk from by-products formed when it reacts with organic substances in the water is tiny compared with the risk of drinking water full of disease-causing microbes.’ What chemical is she talking about?
chlorine
True or false? Tap water can contain some dissolved substances and still be safe to drink.
true
Potable water can be produced through various processes. For example, water can be passed through __________ beds to remove any solids.
filter
Name the chemical that is added to drinking water to kill microbes.
chlorine
Which process is least harmful to the environment, recycling metals or extracting them?
recycling
How can limited and non-renewable resources be used again and again?
recycling
name an advantage of recycling steel?
produces less carbon dioxide
What machinery or equipment is used to extract iron from iron ore?
blast furnace
Life cycle assessments (LCAs) are carried out to assess the __________ impact of products.
environmental
numerical values of pollutant effects is one of the most ______ __ _______?
difficult to quantify
True or false? Metal recycling can increase environmental damage as more mines must be opened to supply the raw material.
false
Which process is usually least expensive, recycling metals or extracting them?
recycling
True or false? Recycling steel uses less energy than producing steel from iron ore.
true
name a disadvantage of recycling steel?
Steel needs to be sorted into different types, as each type is recycled separately.
In a blast furnace, what is removed from the iron oxide to leave iron?
oxygen
What does the abbreviation LCA stand for?
life cycle assessments
Glass products can be made by crushing and __________ glass bottles to reuse them.
melting
True or false? Recycling metal reduces fuel costs as less metal ore needs to be mined and transported.
true
True or false? Iron from a blast furnace is 100% ‘pure iron’.
false
Limestone is quarried and used as the main material for making what substance?
cement, glass, concrete
After use, non-biodegradable plastics last for many years in __________ sites. Many also pollute the ocean.
landfill
What is the name given to the process where waste is converted into reusable material?
recycling
True or false? Aluminium is very cheap to recycle as no energy is used in the recycling process.
false
One way to reduce the amount of iron that needs to be extracted from an ore is to add scrap steel to it from a __________ __________.
blast furnace
If paper is recycled after it’s used, __________ trees need to be cut down.
fewer
