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Chemistry > Atomic Structure and the Periodic table > Flashcards

Atomic Structure and the Periodic table Flashcards

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1
Q

What name is given to substances in which atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined?

A

compounds

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2
Q

What is the full name of the compound MgO?

A

magnesium oxide

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3
Q

Which element has the symbol He?

A

helium

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4
Q

All matter is made up of what?

A

atoms

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5
Q

Is N the correct symbol for nitrogen?

A

yes

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6
Q

Chlorine has a relative atomic mass that is not a whole number, because it is an average of all the different __________ of the element.

A

isotopes

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7
Q

A substance made of only one type of atom is known as an __________.

A

element

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8
Q

What are all substances made of?

A

atoms

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9
Q

True or false? CuSO4 contains four sodium atoms.

A

false

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10
Q

Which element has the symbol Pb?

A

lead

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11
Q

What element is represented by the O in MgO?

A

oxygen

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12
Q

The relative atomic mass of an element is the mass of its atoms compared with that of which element?

A

carbon

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13
Q

True or false? Tin has the symbol Ti.

A

false

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14
Q

what is the symbol for Tin

A

Sn

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15
Q

Is S the correct symbol for sulfur?

A

yes

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16
Q

Give the chemical formula for sodium chloride

A

NaCl

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17
Q

what do the symbol for silver

A

Ag

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18
Q

what is the symbol for gold

A

Au

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19
Q

Which element has the symbol Cu?

A

copper

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20
Q

Which element has the symbol Ca?

A

calcium

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21
Q

Approximately how many elements are there?

A

100

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22
Q

how many elements in the periodic table?

A

118

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23
Q

What is the element with the symbol Zn?

A

zinc

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24
Q

How many types of atom are contained in an element?

A

1

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25
Q

element

A

a substance made up of only 1 type of atom

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26
Q

Which element is represented by the symbol He?

A

helium

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27
Q

Which element is represented by the symbol Fe?

A

iron

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28
Q

Which element has the symbol Mg?

A

magnesium

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29
Q

How many atoms are represented by the symbol Na?

A

1

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30
Q

True or false? Atoms are too small to see with the naked human eye.

A

true

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31
Q

What is the name for a substance containing only one type of atom?

A

element

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32
Q

True or false? Aluminium has the symbol A.

A

false

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33
Q

what is the symbol for Aluminium?

A

Al

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34
Q

Is Si the correct symbol for silver?

A

no

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35
Q

What is the formula for sodium chloride?

A

NaCl

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36
Q

what is the symbol for potassium?

A

K

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37
Q

True or false? All chemical symbols start with the first letter of the element name.

A

false

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38
Q

What does the chemical symbol Cl stand for?

A

chlorine

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39
Q

In what table are all the elements shown?

A

periodic table

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40
Q

Name the technique used to separate a solid from a liquid.

A

filtration

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41
Q

Name the technique used to separate a mixture of substances that are soluble in the same solvent.

A

chromatography

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42
Q

Distillation

A

a method used to separate a mixture of liquids.

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43
Q

What method is used to separate the different parts of crude oil?

A

distillation

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44
Q

Are two different elements that are chemically combined known as an element, a mixture or a compound?

A

compound

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45
Q

Mixtures

A

Two or more substances that are found together but are not chemically combined

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46
Q

What word describes different compounds which are found together but not combined chemically?

A

mixture

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47
Q

What is the piece of equipment that changes steam and oil vapour to liquid?

A

condenser

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48
Q

Substance A is added to substance B to form a mixture. Which substance’s chemical properties will change?

A

neither

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49
Q

Substances in a ________ do not change their chemical properties.

A

mixture

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50
Q

____________ in a mixture do not change their chemical properties.

A

substances

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51
Q

Substances in a mixture __ ___ ________ their chemical properties.

A

do not change

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52
Q

Substances in a mixture do not change their __________ ___________.

A

chemical properties

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53
Q

Janine is trying to separate some ethanol from water. Which method should she use?

A

fractional distillation

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54
Q

Adina is stranded on an island in the middle of the ocean. There is one stream on the island but the water has lots of sand in it. Which technique should she use to remove the sand from the water?

A

filtration

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55
Q

Andy has some copper sulfate solution. He wants solid copper sulfate. Which technique should he use?

A

crystallisation (evaporation)

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56
Q

Name the technique used to separate out a solvent from a solution.

A

distillation

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57
Q

Name the technique used to separate a soluble solid from a solution.

A

crystallisation (evaporation)

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58
Q

Name a technique used to separate liquids from one another.

A

distillation

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59
Q

Two elements are found together in a substance. They are not chemically combined. Is this substance an element, a mixture or a compound?

A

mixture

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60
Q

Name the process in which ethanol is separated from water to give a product with a higher alcohol content.

A

distillation

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61
Q

A container holds an element and a compound that are not chemically combined. Is this an element, a mixture or a compound?

A

mixture

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62
Q

True or false? Crude oil can be separated by physical methods and this tells us that it is not a compound.

A

true

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63
Q

The atomic number of potassium is 19. How many electrons does this element have?

A

19

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64
Q

atomic number

A

the number of protons in the atom

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65
Q

the number of protons in the atom is equal to the number of

A

electrons

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66
Q

Atoms have an equal number of ________ and electrons

A

protons

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67
Q

Atoms have an equal number of protons and __________

A

electrons

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68
Q

_________ have an equal number of protons and electrons

A

atoms

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69
Q

The ____ __________ for each atom is different

A

mass number

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70
Q

The mass number for each atom is ___________

A

different

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71
Q

The mass number for each _____ is different

A

atom

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72
Q

What name is given to atoms that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?

A

isotopes

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73
Q

isotopes

A

contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

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74
Q

Write the subatomic particles in the order that they were discovered

A

electron, proton, neutron

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75
Q

Who suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances?

A

Niels Bohr

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76
Q

The number of protons and the number of neutrons together is know as the __________ __________.

A

mass number

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77
Q

Which has the greater mass: a proton or an electron?

A

proton

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78
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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79
Q

electrons are ____________ charged

A

negatively

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80
Q

electrons are negatively __________

A

charged

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81
Q

__________ are negatively charged

A

electrons

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82
Q

An atom contains 22 protons and 26 neutrons. What is its mass number?

A

48

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83
Q

_____ _________ = number of protons + number of neutrons

A

mass number

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84
Q

Mass number = __________ __ ________ + number of neutrons

A

number of protons

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85
Q

Mass number = number of protons + __________ __ __________

A

number of neutrons

86
Q

The radius of a nucleus is about ___________ the radius of the atom.

A

1/10,000

87
Q

The nucleus is ________ times smaller than the atom

A

10,000

88
Q

The _________ is 10,000 times smaller than the atom

A

nucleus

89
Q

The nucleus is 10,000 times _______ than the atom

A

smaller

90
Q

The nucleus is 10,000 times smaller than the _____

A

atom

91
Q

How many electrons are in the outer electron shell of every element in group 1?

A

1

92
Q

Elements in group 1 have 1 electron in their _______ _____

A

outer shell

93
Q

Elements in _______ _ have 1 electron in their outer shell

A

group 1

94
Q

Elements in group 1 have _ ________ in their outer shell

A

1 electron

95
Q

What name is given to the part of the atom where the protons and neutrons are?

A

nucleus

96
Q

An atom contains 22 protons and 26 neutrons. What is its atomic number?

A

22

97
Q

Ions always have the same electronic structure as elements in which group of the periodic table?

A

0

98
Q

Carbon contains six electrons and has a mass number of 12. How many neutrons does it contain?

A

6

99
Q

When different elements react, their atoms join with other atoms. What type of substance is formed?

A

compound

100
Q

protons are ___________ charged

A

positively

101
Q

________ are positively charged

A

protons

102
Q

protons are positively ________

A

charged

103
Q

What is the overall charge on an atom?

A

0

104
Q

Atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, so the overall charge is ____

A

0

105
Q

______ have the same number of protons and electrons, so the overall charge is zero

A

atoms

106
Q

A hydrogen atom has 1 _______ and 0 neutrons

A

proton

107
Q

A hydrogen atom has 1 proton and 0 _________

A

neutrons

108
Q

A __________ _____ has 1 proton and 0 neutrons

A

hydrogen atom

109
Q

James Chadwick’s experimental work in 1932 provided evidence for the existence of __________ within the nucleus.

A

neutrons

110
Q

Did Niels Bohr’s experimental findings contradict the nuclear model of the atom?

A

no

111
Q

What is the highest number of electrons that can be in electron shell 2?

A

8

112
Q

Before the discovery of the __________, atoms were thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided.

A

electrons

113
Q

When elements react, what are given away, taken or shared?

A

electrons

114
Q

Which of the following is NOT a metal: zinc, iron, aluminium, sulfur, copper, gold?

A

sulfur

115
Q

What Russian scientist created the first successful periodic table of the elements in 1869?

A

Dmitri Mendeleev

116
Q

Electrons, protons and which other sub-atomic particle were discovered in the 19th and early 20th century?

A

neutrons

117
Q

Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in group 1 of the periodic table. Which of these is the most reactive?

A

potassium

118
Q

Think of trends in the periodic table. As we move from group 1 to group 4 does the number of valence electrons of each element increase or decrease?

A

increase

119
Q

Six years after Mendeleev published his periodic table, a new element called gallium was discovered. Did this provide evidence for or against Mendeleev’s table?

A

for

120
Q

The sub-atomic particles protons and neutrons were discovered early in which century?

A

20th century

121
Q

In the periodic table used today, do metals occupy mainly the left or the right of the table?

A

left

122
Q

Elements that can react to form positive ions are called __________.

A

metals

123
Q

Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in group 1 of the periodic table. Which of these has the lowest boiling point?

A

potassium

124
Q

In which group of the periodic table are the alkali metals?

A

1

125
Q

The more reactive the metal, the __________ likely it is to form a positive ion.

A

more

126
Q

True or false? The modern periodic table can be seen as an arrangement of the elements according to their electronic structures.

A

true

127
Q

A mystery element contains 16 protons. Which group of the periodic table will it belong to?

A

6 (electrons outer shell =16)

128
Q

______ are found on the left of the periodic table

A

metals

129
Q

Metals are found on the ____ of the periodic table.

A

left

130
Q

___ _______ are found on the right of the periodic table.

A

non-metals

131
Q

Non-metals are found on the _____ of the periodic table.

A

right

132
Q

Atoms in group 2 have _ _________ in their outer shell.

A

2 electrons

133
Q

Atoms in ______ _ have 2 electrons in their outer shell.

A

group 2

134
Q

Dan says that all the elements in group 5 of the periodic table have five electrons in their outer shell. Is he right?

A

yes

135
Q

If we understand __________, we can explain why ordering the elements in the periodic table by atomic weight isn’t always correct.

A

isotopes

136
Q

Each horizontal row of the periodic table shows a __________.

A

period

137
Q

True or false? The periodic table is so called because elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals (or periodically).

A

true

138
Q

What kind of ions are formed when a metal reacts?

A

positive ions

139
Q

Think about trends in the periodic table. As the group number increases do elements become metallic or non-metallic?

A

non-metallic

140
Q

When metals react do they gain or lose electrons?

A

lose

141
Q

True or false? When arranged in order of atomic number, all the elements fit into appropriate groups.

A

true

142
Q

Each vertical column in the periodic table shows a __________.

A

group

143
Q

True or false? Elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar properties because they have the same number of neutrons in their outer shells.

A

false

144
Q

Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of __________ in their outer electron shell.

A

electrons

145
Q

A mystery element contains 11 electrons. Which group of the periodic table will it belong to?

A

group 1

146
Q

Claire says that if you know how many neutrons an element has, you can tell which group of the periodic table it will belong to. Is she right?

A

no

147
Q

Transition metals are found in the _______ of the periodic table.

A

middle

148
Q

___________ _______ are found in the middle of the periodic table.

A

Transition metals

149
Q

Would you expect lithium and sodium to have similar properties?

A

yes (both in group 1)

150
Q

Would you expect lithium and potassium to have similar properties?

A

yes (both in group 1)

151
Q

In the final version of his periodic table, Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic __________.

A

weight

152
Q

When elements react they can form molecules. What else might they form?

A

ions

153
Q

The number of protons in an atom is called it’s…

A

atomic number

154
Q

What name is given to the group 0 elements?

A

nobles gases

155
Q

Neon has the electronic structure…

A

2, 8

156
Q

Noble gases already have a full ______ _____ ___ __________.

A

outer shell of electrons

157
Q

Neon is a noble gas. Would you expect neon to form ions?

A

no

158
Q

The group of elements that argon belongs to is called group __________.

A

0

159
Q

True or false? Noble gases are usually found in compounds with other elements.

A

false

160
Q

Argon has 18 electrons, so the electron arrangement is…

A

2, 8, 8

161
Q

Argon has __ __________

A

18 electrons

162
Q

A full outer shell of electrons means that elements are ___________

A

unreactive

163
Q

A full _______ _____ __ ________ means that elements are unreactive

A

outer shell of electrons

164
Q

in group 0, apart from helium, how many electrons does each have in its outside shell?

A

8

165
Q

how many electrons in its outer shell does helium have?

A

2

166
Q

Group 1 metals react ___________ with water.

A

vigorously

167
Q

______ _ metals react vigorously with water.

A

group 1

168
Q

What name is given to the elements in group 1 of the periodic table?

A

alkali metals

169
Q

Do the metals in group 1 of the periodic table have a high or a low density?

A

low

170
Q

what can the metals in group 1 do to prove they have a low density?

A

float on water

171
Q

Lithium is an alkali metal. What charge is there on a lithium ion?

A

+1

172
Q

Group 1 metals lose _ _________ to become 1+ ions.

A

1 electron

173
Q

The elements in group 1 of the periodic table react with non-metals to form compounds. What colour are all of these compounds?

A

white

174
Q

Only ____________ _______ form coloured compounds.

A

transition metals

175
Q

Only transition metals form __________ ____________.

A

coloured compounds

176
Q

Are electrons more strongly attracted to the positive nucleus in chlorine or in fluorine?

A

fluorine

177
Q

Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in group 1 of the periodic table. Which of these three elements has the highest melting point?

A

lithium

178
Q

What hydroxide would be formed when sodium reacts with water?

A

sodium hydroxide

179
Q

True or false? The elements in group 1 of the periodic table do not react with non-metals.

A

false

180
Q

A piece of lithium is added to a beaker of water. Will the solution formed be acidic, alkaline or neutral?

A

alkaline

181
Q

Lithium is an _______ ______. It reacts with water to form an alkaline solution.

A

alkali metal

182
Q

________ is an alkali metal. It reacts with water to form an alkaline solution.

A

lithium

183
Q

Lithium is an alkali metal. It reacts with ______ to form an alkaline solution.

A

water

184
Q

Lithium is an alkali metal. It reacts with water to form an ________ _________.

A

alkaline solution

185
Q

If sodium is burned in chlorine gas, a compound is formed that dissolves in water. What colour will the solution be?

A

colourless

186
Q

Name the gas released when group 1 elements react with water.

A

hydrogen

187
Q

If sodium is burned in chlorine gas a compound is formed. Will this compound be a solid, a liquid or a gas?

A

solid

188
Q

Is the outer electron in potassium more or less strongly attracted to the positive nucleus than the outer electron in sodium is?

A

less

189
Q

Do the elements in group 1 of the periodic table tend to form covalent compounds, ionic compounds, neither, or both?

A

ionic compounds

190
Q

True or false? The elements in group 1 of the periodic table are all metals.

A

true

191
Q

Fluorine + sodium chloride → sodium fluoride + __________

A

chlorine

192
Q

When chlorine is added to sodium bromide solution, the mixture turns orange. What type of reaction has taken place?

A

displacement

193
Q

In which group of the periodic table are the halogens found?

A

7

194
Q

Would you expect the elements to get more or less reactive as you go down the group?

A

less reactive

195
Q

Going down group 7, what happens to the atoms?

A
  • get bigger
  • have more electron shells
196
Q

Do the boiling points of the halogens tend to increase or decrease as you move up the group, or is there no pattern?

A

decrease

197
Q

The halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shell, so they gain _ __________ to become 1- ions.

A

1 electron

198
Q

Fluorine is an element in group 7 of the periodic table. Does fluorine form positive or negative ions?

A

negative ions

199
Q

Which of the following groups in the periodic table contains the least reactive elements: Alkali metals, halogens or noble gases?

A

alkali metals

200
Q

Which of chlorine, fluorine or bromine is the least reactive halogen?

A

bromine

201
Q

What type of reaction can be used to place the halogens in order of reactivity?

A

displacement

202
Q

Would you expect bromine or iodine to have the higher melting point?

A

iodine

203
Q

What is the full name of the most reactive halogen?

A

fluorine

204
Q

Give the full name of the halogen with the lowest boiling point?

A

fluorine

205
Q

When chlorine is added to sodium bromide solution, one of the products is bromine. Name the other product.

A

sodium chloride

206
Q

True or false? A less reactive halogen will displace a more reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt.

A

false

207
Q

Do the elements in group 7 of the periodic table react with metals to form covalent compounds, ionic compounds, neither, or both?

A

ionic compounds

208
Q

Iodine is a halogen. How many electrons does iodine have in its highest occupied energy level?

A

7

209
Q

Halogens are found in group 7. This means they all have _ __________ in their outer shell.

A

7 electrons

210
Q

Halogens are found in ______ _. This means they all have 7 electrons in their outer shell.

A

group 7

211
Q

What is the charge on a halide ion?

A

-1

212
Q

True or false? Elements in group 7 of the periodic table will not react with metals.

A

false

Chemistry (9 decks)

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