Atomic Structure and the Periodic table Flashcards
What name is given to substances in which atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined?
compounds
What is the full name of the compound MgO?
magnesium oxide
Which element has the symbol He?
helium
All matter is made up of what?
atoms
Is N the correct symbol for nitrogen?
yes
Chlorine has a relative atomic mass that is not a whole number, because it is an average of all the different __________ of the element.
isotopes
A substance made of only one type of atom is known as an __________.
element
What are all substances made of?
atoms
True or false? CuSO4 contains four sodium atoms.
false
Which element has the symbol Pb?
lead
What element is represented by the O in MgO?
oxygen
The relative atomic mass of an element is the mass of its atoms compared with that of which element?
carbon
True or false? Tin has the symbol Ti.
false
what is the symbol for Tin
Sn
Is S the correct symbol for sulfur?
yes
Give the chemical formula for sodium chloride
NaCl
what do the symbol for silver
Ag
what is the symbol for gold
Au
Which element has the symbol Cu?
copper
Which element has the symbol Ca?
calcium
Approximately how many elements are there?
100
how many elements in the periodic table?
118
What is the element with the symbol Zn?
zinc
How many types of atom are contained in an element?
1
element
a substance made up of only 1 type of atom
Which element is represented by the symbol He?
helium
Which element is represented by the symbol Fe?
iron
Which element has the symbol Mg?
magnesium
How many atoms are represented by the symbol Na?
1
True or false? Atoms are too small to see with the naked human eye.
true
What is the name for a substance containing only one type of atom?
element
True or false? Aluminium has the symbol A.
false
what is the symbol for Aluminium?
Al
Is Si the correct symbol for silver?
no
What is the formula for sodium chloride?
NaCl
what is the symbol for potassium?
K
True or false? All chemical symbols start with the first letter of the element name.
false
What does the chemical symbol Cl stand for?
chlorine
In what table are all the elements shown?
periodic table
Name the technique used to separate a solid from a liquid.
filtration
Name the technique used to separate a mixture of substances that are soluble in the same solvent.
chromatography
Distillation
a method used to separate a mixture of liquids.
What method is used to separate the different parts of crude oil?
distillation
Are two different elements that are chemically combined known as an element, a mixture or a compound?
compound
Mixtures
Two or more substances that are found together but are not chemically combined
What word describes different compounds which are found together but not combined chemically?
mixture
What is the piece of equipment that changes steam and oil vapour to liquid?
condenser
Substance A is added to substance B to form a mixture. Which substance’s chemical properties will change?
neither
Substances in a ________ do not change their chemical properties.
mixture
____________ in a mixture do not change their chemical properties.
substances
Substances in a mixture __ ___ ________ their chemical properties.
do not change
Substances in a mixture do not change their __________ ___________.
chemical properties
Janine is trying to separate some ethanol from water. Which method should she use?
fractional distillation
Adina is stranded on an island in the middle of the ocean. There is one stream on the island but the water has lots of sand in it. Which technique should she use to remove the sand from the water?
filtration
Andy has some copper sulfate solution. He wants solid copper sulfate. Which technique should he use?
crystallisation (evaporation)
Name the technique used to separate out a solvent from a solution.
distillation
Name the technique used to separate a soluble solid from a solution.
crystallisation (evaporation)
Name a technique used to separate liquids from one another.
distillation
Two elements are found together in a substance. They are not chemically combined. Is this substance an element, a mixture or a compound?
mixture
Name the process in which ethanol is separated from water to give a product with a higher alcohol content.
distillation
A container holds an element and a compound that are not chemically combined. Is this an element, a mixture or a compound?
mixture
True or false? Crude oil can be separated by physical methods and this tells us that it is not a compound.
true
The atomic number of potassium is 19. How many electrons does this element have?
19
atomic number
the number of protons in the atom
the number of protons in the atom is equal to the number of
electrons
Atoms have an equal number of ________ and electrons
protons
Atoms have an equal number of protons and __________
electrons
_________ have an equal number of protons and electrons
atoms
The ____ __________ for each atom is different
mass number
The mass number for each atom is ___________
different
The mass number for each _____ is different
atom
What name is given to atoms that contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons?
isotopes
isotopes
contain the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Write the subatomic particles in the order that they were discovered
electron, proton, neutron
Who suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances?
Niels Bohr
The number of protons and the number of neutrons together is know as the __________ __________.
mass number
Which has the greater mass: a proton or an electron?
proton
What is the relative mass of a neutron?
1
electrons are ____________ charged
negatively
electrons are negatively __________
charged
__________ are negatively charged
electrons
An atom contains 22 protons and 26 neutrons. What is its mass number?
48
_____ _________ = number of protons + number of neutrons
mass number
Mass number = __________ __ ________ + number of neutrons
number of protons
Mass number = number of protons + __________ __ __________
number of neutrons
The radius of a nucleus is about ___________ the radius of the atom.
1/10,000
The nucleus is ________ times smaller than the atom
10,000
The _________ is 10,000 times smaller than the atom
nucleus
The nucleus is 10,000 times _______ than the atom
smaller
The nucleus is 10,000 times smaller than the _____
atom
How many electrons are in the outer electron shell of every element in group 1?
1
Elements in group 1 have 1 electron in their _______ _____
outer shell
Elements in _______ _ have 1 electron in their outer shell
group 1
Elements in group 1 have _ ________ in their outer shell
1 electron
What name is given to the part of the atom where the protons and neutrons are?
nucleus
An atom contains 22 protons and 26 neutrons. What is its atomic number?
22
Ions always have the same electronic structure as elements in which group of the periodic table?
0
Carbon contains six electrons and has a mass number of 12. How many neutrons does it contain?
6
When different elements react, their atoms join with other atoms. What type of substance is formed?
compound
protons are ___________ charged
positively
________ are positively charged
protons
protons are positively ________
charged
What is the overall charge on an atom?
0
Atoms have the same number of protons and electrons, so the overall charge is ____
0
______ have the same number of protons and electrons, so the overall charge is zero
atoms
A hydrogen atom has 1 _______ and 0 neutrons
proton
A hydrogen atom has 1 proton and 0 _________
neutrons
A __________ _____ has 1 proton and 0 neutrons
hydrogen atom
James Chadwick’s experimental work in 1932 provided evidence for the existence of __________ within the nucleus.
neutrons
Did Niels Bohr’s experimental findings contradict the nuclear model of the atom?
no
What is the highest number of electrons that can be in electron shell 2?
8
Before the discovery of the __________, atoms were thought to be tiny spheres that could not be divided.
electrons
When elements react, what are given away, taken or shared?
electrons
Which of the following is NOT a metal: zinc, iron, aluminium, sulfur, copper, gold?
sulfur
What Russian scientist created the first successful periodic table of the elements in 1869?
Dmitri Mendeleev
Electrons, protons and which other sub-atomic particle were discovered in the 19th and early 20th century?
neutrons
Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in group 1 of the periodic table. Which of these is the most reactive?
potassium
Think of trends in the periodic table. As we move from group 1 to group 4 does the number of valence electrons of each element increase or decrease?
increase
Six years after Mendeleev published his periodic table, a new element called gallium was discovered. Did this provide evidence for or against Mendeleev’s table?
for
The sub-atomic particles protons and neutrons were discovered early in which century?
20th century
In the periodic table used today, do metals occupy mainly the left or the right of the table?
left
Elements that can react to form positive ions are called __________.
metals
Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in group 1 of the periodic table. Which of these has the lowest boiling point?
potassium
In which group of the periodic table are the alkali metals?
1
The more reactive the metal, the __________ likely it is to form a positive ion.
more
True or false? The modern periodic table can be seen as an arrangement of the elements according to their electronic structures.
true
A mystery element contains 16 protons. Which group of the periodic table will it belong to?
6 (electrons outer shell =16)
______ are found on the left of the periodic table
metals
Metals are found on the ____ of the periodic table.
left
___ _______ are found on the right of the periodic table.
non-metals
Non-metals are found on the _____ of the periodic table.
right
Atoms in group 2 have _ _________ in their outer shell.
2 electrons
Atoms in ______ _ have 2 electrons in their outer shell.
group 2
Dan says that all the elements in group 5 of the periodic table have five electrons in their outer shell. Is he right?
yes
If we understand __________, we can explain why ordering the elements in the periodic table by atomic weight isn’t always correct.
isotopes
Each horizontal row of the periodic table shows a __________.
period
True or false? The periodic table is so called because elements with similar properties occur at regular intervals (or periodically).
true
What kind of ions are formed when a metal reacts?
positive ions
Think about trends in the periodic table. As the group number increases do elements become metallic or non-metallic?
non-metallic
When metals react do they gain or lose electrons?
lose
True or false? When arranged in order of atomic number, all the elements fit into appropriate groups.
true
Each vertical column in the periodic table shows a __________.
group
True or false? Elements in the same group of the periodic table have similar properties because they have the same number of neutrons in their outer shells.
false
Elements in the same group of the periodic table have the same number of __________ in their outer electron shell.
electrons
A mystery element contains 11 electrons. Which group of the periodic table will it belong to?
group 1
Claire says that if you know how many neutrons an element has, you can tell which group of the periodic table it will belong to. Is she right?
no
Transition metals are found in the _______ of the periodic table.
middle
___________ _______ are found in the middle of the periodic table.
Transition metals
Would you expect lithium and sodium to have similar properties?
yes (both in group 1)
Would you expect lithium and potassium to have similar properties?
yes (both in group 1)
In the final version of his periodic table, Mendeleev arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic __________.
weight
When elements react they can form molecules. What else might they form?
ions
The number of protons in an atom is called it’s…
atomic number
What name is given to the group 0 elements?
nobles gases
Neon has the electronic structure…
2, 8
Noble gases already have a full ______ _____ ___ __________.
outer shell of electrons
Neon is a noble gas. Would you expect neon to form ions?
no
The group of elements that argon belongs to is called group __________.
0
True or false? Noble gases are usually found in compounds with other elements.
false
Argon has 18 electrons, so the electron arrangement is…
2, 8, 8
Argon has __ __________
18 electrons
A full outer shell of electrons means that elements are ___________
unreactive
A full _______ _____ __ ________ means that elements are unreactive
outer shell of electrons
in group 0, apart from helium, how many electrons does each have in its outside shell?
8
how many electrons in its outer shell does helium have?
2
Group 1 metals react ___________ with water.
vigorously
______ _ metals react vigorously with water.
group 1
What name is given to the elements in group 1 of the periodic table?
alkali metals
Do the metals in group 1 of the periodic table have a high or a low density?
low
what can the metals in group 1 do to prove they have a low density?
float on water
Lithium is an alkali metal. What charge is there on a lithium ion?
+1
Group 1 metals lose _ _________ to become 1+ ions.
1 electron
The elements in group 1 of the periodic table react with non-metals to form compounds. What colour are all of these compounds?
white
Only ____________ _______ form coloured compounds.
transition metals
Only transition metals form __________ ____________.
coloured compounds
Are electrons more strongly attracted to the positive nucleus in chlorine or in fluorine?
fluorine
Lithium, sodium and potassium are all in group 1 of the periodic table. Which of these three elements has the highest melting point?
lithium
What hydroxide would be formed when sodium reacts with water?
sodium hydroxide
True or false? The elements in group 1 of the periodic table do not react with non-metals.
false
A piece of lithium is added to a beaker of water. Will the solution formed be acidic, alkaline or neutral?
alkaline
Lithium is an _______ ______. It reacts with water to form an alkaline solution.
alkali metal
________ is an alkali metal. It reacts with water to form an alkaline solution.
lithium
Lithium is an alkali metal. It reacts with ______ to form an alkaline solution.
water
Lithium is an alkali metal. It reacts with water to form an ________ _________.
alkaline solution
If sodium is burned in chlorine gas, a compound is formed that dissolves in water. What colour will the solution be?
colourless
Name the gas released when group 1 elements react with water.
hydrogen
If sodium is burned in chlorine gas a compound is formed. Will this compound be a solid, a liquid or a gas?
solid
Is the outer electron in potassium more or less strongly attracted to the positive nucleus than the outer electron in sodium is?
less
Do the elements in group 1 of the periodic table tend to form covalent compounds, ionic compounds, neither, or both?
ionic compounds
True or false? The elements in group 1 of the periodic table are all metals.
true
Fluorine + sodium chloride → sodium fluoride + __________
chlorine
When chlorine is added to sodium bromide solution, the mixture turns orange. What type of reaction has taken place?
displacement
In which group of the periodic table are the halogens found?
7
Would you expect the elements to get more or less reactive as you go down the group?
less reactive
Going down group 7, what happens to the atoms?
- get bigger
- have more electron shells
Do the boiling points of the halogens tend to increase or decrease as you move up the group, or is there no pattern?
decrease
The halogens have 7 electrons in their outer shell, so they gain _ __________ to become 1- ions.
1 electron
Fluorine is an element in group 7 of the periodic table. Does fluorine form positive or negative ions?
negative ions
Which of the following groups in the periodic table contains the least reactive elements: Alkali metals, halogens or noble gases?
alkali metals
Which of chlorine, fluorine or bromine is the least reactive halogen?
bromine
What type of reaction can be used to place the halogens in order of reactivity?
displacement
Would you expect bromine or iodine to have the higher melting point?
iodine
What is the full name of the most reactive halogen?
fluorine
Give the full name of the halogen with the lowest boiling point?
fluorine
When chlorine is added to sodium bromide solution, one of the products is bromine. Name the other product.
sodium chloride
True or false? A less reactive halogen will displace a more reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its salt.
false
Do the elements in group 7 of the periodic table react with metals to form covalent compounds, ionic compounds, neither, or both?
ionic compounds
Iodine is a halogen. How many electrons does iodine have in its highest occupied energy level?
7
Halogens are found in group 7. This means they all have _ __________ in their outer shell.
7 electrons
Halogens are found in ______ _. This means they all have 7 electrons in their outer shell.
group 7
What is the charge on a halide ion?
-1
True or false? Elements in group 7 of the periodic table will not react with metals.
false
