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Organic Chemisrty Flashcards

(97 cards)

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1
Q

In a fractionating column, what process is caused by heating?

A

evaporation

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2
Q

In what form (solid, liquid or gas) is crude oil found?

A

liquid

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3
Q

The reason there are so many types of natural and synthetic carbon compounds is because of the ability of carbon atoms to… what?

A

form families of similar compounds

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4
Q

The group of hydrocarbons with the general formula of CnH2n+2 are known as what?

A

alkanes

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5
Q

Most of the compounds found in crude oil consist of carbon and what other element?

A

hydrogen

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6
Q

Compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen only are known as what?

A

hydrocarbons

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7
Q

Crude oil is separated into different… what?

A

fractions

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8
Q

All hydrocarbons contain carbon and which other element?

A

hydrogen

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9
Q

Crude oil is described as a complex mixture of __________. What one word completes the sentence?

A

hydrocarbons

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10
Q

Crude oil is separated into a number of different fractions. Which hydrocarbons are used for jet fuel?

A

kerosene

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11
Q

What physical property is used to separate individual hydrocarbon fractions from crude oil?

A

boiling point

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12
Q

If an alkane contains two carbons, how many hydrogen atoms will it contain?

A

6

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13
Q

If an alkane contains five carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms will it contain?

A

12

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14
Q

True or false? Hydrocarbons are given the name because they contain the elements hydrogen, oxygen and carbon.

A

false

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15
Q

If an alkane contains three carbons, how many hydrogen atoms will it contain?

A

8

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16
Q

Like coal, crude oil is a type of fuel made out of the remains of ancient organisms. What name is given to this type of fuel?

A

fossil fuel

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17
Q

What are the elements found in fractions obtained from crude oil?

A

hydrogen and carbon

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18
Q

Petrol, diesel oil, kerosene and liquefied petroleum gases are all produced from what substance?

A

crude oil

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19
Q

The process of continually evaporating and condensing in a fractionating column is known as __________ distillation.

A

fractional

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20
Q

Alkanes contain the maximum possible amount of hydrogen. They are known as being __________.

A

saturated

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21
Q

In a fractionating column, what process is caused by cooling?

A

condensing

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22
Q

What is the name of the industry that produces solvents, lubricants, polymers and detergents?

A

petrochemical industry

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23
Q

Would you use chemical or physical methods to separate the different components of crude oil?

A

physical

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24
Q

True or false? Alkanes contain double bonds.

A

false

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25
Every fraction from crude oil contains hydrocarbons with a similar number of carbon and __________ atoms.
hydrogen
26
What product makes up the largest part of crude oil?
petrol
27
Petrol makes up what percentage of crude oil?
20%
28
The fractions in fractional distillation separate at different... what?
temperature
29
True or false? Alkanes are a homologous family.
true
30
What product makes up the smallest part of crude oil?
Liquefied gas
31
Liquefied gas makes up what percentage of crude oil?
1.7%
32
Heating oil makes up what percentage of crude oil?
10%
33
Jet fuel makes up what percentage of crude oil?
4%
34
What three letters do all the alkane names end in?
ane
35
As well as alkanes, what other group of hydrocarbons are made as a result of cracking?
alkenes
36
Delilah wants to see if a solution is an alkane or an alkene. The solution is colourless, and she adds orange-brown bromine water to it. After she adds the bromine water, what colour will the solution be if it is an alkane?
orange-brown
37
Alkanes do not react with _______ _____ , so the colour remains an orange colour.
bromine water
38
Alkanes do not react with bromine water, so the colour remains an ______ _____.
orange colour
39
Are larger hydrocarbons more or less viscous than smaller hydrocarbons?
more viscous
40
True or False? During the cracking process, hydrocarbons are first heated to vaporise them.
true
41
In a homologous series, as the length of a chain increases the viscosity __________.
increases
42
Viscosity refers to the _________ of a liquid.
thickness
43
_________ refers to the thickness of a liquid.
viscosity
44
True or false? Hydrogen can be used as a fuel in combustion engines or in fuel cells to produce electricity.
true
45
What is the scientific term used for the chemical reaction when a fuel burns?
combustion
46
In a homologous series, as the length of a chain increases the boiling point __________.
increases
47
Longer molecules have higher ______ _______ than smaller molecules.
boiling points
48
_____ ________ have higher boiling points than smaller molecules.
Longer molecules
49
Longer molecules have higher boiling points than _______ _______.
smaller molecules
50
In a homologous series all compounds have the same general what?
formula
51
If bromine water remains orange when mixed with a hydrocarbon, it indicates that it is what type of hydrocarbon?
alkane
52
To check if the cracking of a long-chain hydrocarbon has actually produced alkenes, the gas produced can be bubbled through __________ __________.
bromine water
53
The process of cracking sometimes involves vaporising the hydrocarbons and then mixing the vapours with... what?
steam
54
When bromine water is shaken with an alkene, what colour is seen?
colourless
55
What is the name of the process by which large hydrocarbons are broken up into smaller, more useful molecules?
cracking
56
Apart from boiling point and flammability, what other quality does the size of the molecules in hydrocarbons affect?
viscosity
57
In a homologous series, as the length of a chain increases the flammability __________.
decreases
58
Smaller molecules are more _________ than longer molecules.
flammable
59
________ ________ are more flammable than longer molecules.
smaller molecules
60
Smaller molecules are more flammable than _____ ________.
longer molecules
61
What substance is used to test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
bromine water
62
Below is a word equation for the combustion of methane. Name a reactant in this reaction. methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
oxygen
63
The reactants appear ____ ___ _____ in an equation.
before the arrow
64
combustion reaction: methane +_____ → carbon dioxide + water
oxygen
65
combustion reaction: _____ + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
methane
66
combustion reaction: methane + oxygen → _______ ______ + water
carbon dioxide
67
combustion reaction: methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + ______
water
68
Giles has an unknown hydrocarbon in a test tube. He knows that it is either an alkane or an alkene. What substance could he use to tell the difference?
bromine water
69
Are larger hydrocarbons more or less flammable than smaller hydrocarbons?
less flammable
70
Name the poisonous gas released by incomplete combustion.
carbon monoxide
71
Do larger hydrocarbons have a higher or lower boiling point than smaller hydrocarbons?
higher
72
During cracking, hydrocarbons are often passed over a substance so that they break apart. What is the general name for this type of substance?
catalyst
73
During the test for unsaturated hydrocarbons, what colour is present (if any) at the beginning of the test?
orange
74
True or false? Hydrocarbons are most likely to be covalent molecules because they have low melting and boiling points.
true
75
Name the product produced by the combustion of hydrogen.
water
76
hydrogen + oxygen → _____
water
77
hydrogen +______ → water
oxygen
78
________+ oxygen → water
hydrogen
79
Are alkanes more reactive than alkenes?
no
80
During cracking, the catalyst __________ the bonds in the large hydrocarbon.
breaks
81
For the large hydrocarbon to be broken down into smaller hydrocarbons, _____ must be broken.
bonds
82
For the large hydrocarbon to be broken down into smaller hydrocarbons, bonds must be _____.
broken
83
True or false? Large hydrocarbons are more useful as fuels than smaller hydrocarbons.
false
84
Cracking by heating to a very high temperature is an example of what type of reaction?
thermal decomposition
85
A __________ series is a 'family' of similar compounds with similar properties due to the presence of the same functional group. What word completes the sentence?
homologous
86
what is the 1st alkane
methane
87
what is the 2nd alkane
ethane
88
what is the 3rd alkane
propane
89
what is the 4th alkane
butane
90
Crude oil is formed from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago and were buried in ___.
mud
91
Crude oil is formed from the remains of _______ ___ __________ that died millions of years ago and were buried in mud.
plants and animals
92
Crude oil is formed from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago and were ________ in mud.
buried
93
The __________________ ________ uses some of the hydrocarbons from crude oil as a feedstock to make new compounds for use in things like polymers, solvents, lubricants and detergents.
petrolchemical industry
94
The petrochemical industry uses some of the _______________ from crude oil as a feedstock to make new compounds for use in things like polymers, solvents, lubricants and detergents.
hydrocarbons
95
The petrochemical industry uses some of the hydrocarbons from crude oil as a ___________ to make new compounds for use in things like polymers, solvents, lubricants and detergents.
feedstock
96
The petrochemical industry uses some of the hydrocarbons from crude oil as a feedstock to make new _____________ for use in things like polymers, solvents, lubricants and detergents.
compounds
97
The petrochemical industry uses some of the hydrocarbons from crude oil as a feedstock to make new compounds for use in things like _________, __________, __________ and ___________.
polymers, solvents, lubricants and detergents

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