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Chemistry > Organic Chemisrty > Flashcards

Organic Chemisrty Flashcards

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1
Q

In a fractionating column, what process is caused by heating?

A

evaporation

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2
Q

In what form (solid, liquid or gas) is crude oil found?

A

liquid

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3
Q

The reason there are so many types of natural and synthetic carbon compounds is because of the ability of carbon atoms to… what?

A

form families of similar compounds

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4
Q

The group of hydrocarbons with the general formula of CnH2n+2 are known as what?

A

alkanes

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5
Q

Most of the compounds found in crude oil consist of carbon and what other element?

A

hydrogen

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6
Q

Compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen only are known as what?

A

hydrocarbons

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7
Q

Crude oil is separated into different… what?

A

fractions

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8
Q

All hydrocarbons contain carbon and which other element?

A

hydrogen

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9
Q

Crude oil is described as a complex mixture of __________. What one word completes the sentence?

A

hydrocarbons

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10
Q

Crude oil is separated into a number of different fractions. Which hydrocarbons are used for jet fuel?

A

kerosene

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11
Q

What physical property is used to separate individual hydrocarbon fractions from crude oil?

A

boiling point

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12
Q

If an alkane contains two carbons, how many hydrogen atoms will it contain?

A

6

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13
Q

If an alkane contains five carbon atoms, how many hydrogen atoms will it contain?

A

12

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14
Q

True or false? Hydrocarbons are given the name because they contain the elements hydrogen, oxygen and carbon.

A

false

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15
Q

If an alkane contains three carbons, how many hydrogen atoms will it contain?

A

8

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16
Q

Like coal, crude oil is a type of fuel made out of the remains of ancient organisms. What name is given to this type of fuel?

A

fossil fuel

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17
Q

What are the elements found in fractions obtained from crude oil?

A

hydrogen and carbon

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18
Q

Petrol, diesel oil, kerosene and liquefied petroleum gases are all produced from what substance?

A

crude oil

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19
Q

The process of continually evaporating and condensing in a fractionating column is known as __________ distillation.

A

fractional

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20
Q

Alkanes contain the maximum possible amount of hydrogen. They are known as being __________.

A

saturated

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21
Q

In a fractionating column, what process is caused by cooling?

A

condensing

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22
Q

What is the name of the industry that produces solvents, lubricants, polymers and detergents?

A

petrochemical industry

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23
Q

Would you use chemical or physical methods to separate the different components of crude oil?

A

physical

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24
Q

True or false? Alkanes contain double bonds.

A

false

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25
Q

Every fraction from crude oil contains hydrocarbons with a similar number of carbon and __________ atoms.

A

hydrogen

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26
Q

What product makes up the largest part of crude oil?

A

petrol

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27
Q

Petrol makes up what percentage of crude oil?

A

20%

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28
Q

The fractions in fractional distillation separate at different… what?

A

temperature

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29
Q

True or false? Alkanes are a homologous family.

A

true

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30
Q

What product makes up the smallest part of crude oil?

A

Liquefied gas

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31
Q

Liquefied gas makes up what percentage of crude oil?

A

1.7%

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32
Q

Heating oil makes up what percentage of crude oil?

A

10%

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33
Q

Jet fuel makes up what percentage of crude oil?

A

4%

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34
Q

What three letters do all the alkane names end in?

A

ane

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35
Q

As well as alkanes, what other group of hydrocarbons are made as a result of cracking?

A

alkenes

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36
Q

Delilah wants to see if a solution is an alkane or an alkene. The solution is colourless, and she adds orange-brown bromine water to it. After she adds the bromine water, what colour will the solution be if it is an alkane?

A

orange-brown

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37
Q

Alkanes do not react with _______ _____ , so the colour remains an orange colour.

A

bromine water

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38
Q

Alkanes do not react with bromine water, so the colour remains an ______ _____.

A

orange colour

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39
Q

Are larger hydrocarbons more or less viscous than smaller hydrocarbons?

A

more viscous

40
Q

True or False? During the cracking process, hydrocarbons are first heated to vaporise them.

A

true

41
Q

In a homologous series, as the length of a chain increases the viscosity __________.

A

increases

42
Q

Viscosity refers to the _________ of a liquid.

A

thickness

43
Q

_________ refers to the thickness of a liquid.

A

viscosity

44
Q

True or false? Hydrogen can be used as a fuel in combustion engines or in fuel cells to produce electricity.

A

true

45
Q

What is the scientific term used for the chemical reaction when a fuel burns?

A

combustion

46
Q

In a homologous series, as the length of a chain increases the boiling point __________.

A

increases

47
Q

Longer molecules have higher ______ _______ than smaller molecules.

A

boiling points

48
Q

_____ ________ have higher boiling points than smaller molecules.

A

Longer molecules

49
Q

Longer molecules have higher boiling points than _______ _______.

A

smaller molecules

50
Q

In a homologous series all compounds have the same general what?

A

formula

51
Q

If bromine water remains orange when mixed with a hydrocarbon, it indicates that it is what type of hydrocarbon?

A

alkane

52
Q

To check if the cracking of a long-chain hydrocarbon has actually produced alkenes, the gas produced can be bubbled through __________ __________.

A

bromine water

53
Q

The process of cracking sometimes involves vaporising the hydrocarbons and then mixing the vapours with… what?

A

steam

54
Q

When bromine water is shaken with an alkene, what colour is seen?

A

colourless

55
Q

What is the name of the process by which large hydrocarbons are broken up into smaller, more useful molecules?

A

cracking

56
Q

Apart from boiling point and flammability, what other quality does the size of the molecules in hydrocarbons affect?

A

viscosity

57
Q

In a homologous series, as the length of a chain increases the flammability __________.

A

decreases

58
Q

Smaller molecules are more _________ than longer molecules.

A

flammable

59
Q

________ ________ are more flammable than longer molecules.

A

smaller molecules

60
Q

Smaller molecules are more flammable than _____ ________.

A

longer molecules

61
Q

What substance is used to test for an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

A

bromine water

62
Q

Below is a word equation for the combustion of methane. Name a reactant in this reaction.

methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

A

oxygen

63
Q

The reactants appear ____ ___ _____ in an equation.

A

before the arrow

64
Q

combustion reaction:

methane +_____ → carbon dioxide + water

A

oxygen

65
Q

combustion reaction:

_____ + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water

A

methane

66
Q

combustion reaction:

methane + oxygen → _______ ______ + water

A

carbon dioxide

67
Q

combustion reaction:

methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + ______

A

water

68
Q

Giles has an unknown hydrocarbon in a test tube. He knows that it is either an alkane or an alkene. What substance could he use to tell the difference?

A

bromine water

69
Q

Are larger hydrocarbons more or less flammable than smaller hydrocarbons?

A

less flammable

70
Q

Name the poisonous gas released by incomplete combustion.

A

carbon monoxide

71
Q

Do larger hydrocarbons have a higher or lower boiling point than smaller hydrocarbons?

A

higher

72
Q

During cracking, hydrocarbons are often passed over a substance so that they break apart. What is the general name for this type of substance?

A

catalyst

73
Q

During the test for unsaturated hydrocarbons, what colour is present (if any) at the beginning of the test?

A

orange

74
Q

True or false? Hydrocarbons are most likely to be covalent molecules because they have low melting and boiling points.

A

true

75
Q

Name the product produced by the combustion of hydrogen.

A

water

76
Q

hydrogen + oxygen → _____

A

water

77
Q

hydrogen +______ → water

A

oxygen

78
Q

________+ oxygen → water

A

hydrogen

79
Q

Are alkanes more reactive than alkenes?

A

no

80
Q

During cracking, the catalyst __________ the bonds in the large hydrocarbon.

A

breaks

81
Q

For the large hydrocarbon to be broken down into smaller hydrocarbons, _____ must be broken.

A

bonds

82
Q

For the large hydrocarbon to be broken down into smaller hydrocarbons, bonds must be _____.

A

broken

83
Q

True or false? Large hydrocarbons are more useful as fuels than smaller hydrocarbons.

A

false

84
Q

Cracking by heating to a very high temperature is an example of what type of reaction?

A

thermal decomposition

85
Q

A __________ series is a ‘family’ of similar compounds with similar properties due to the presence of the same functional group. What word completes the sentence?

A

homologous

86
Q

what is the 1st alkane

A

methane

87
Q

what is the 2nd alkane

A

ethane

88
Q

what is the 3rd alkane

A

propane

89
Q

what is the 4th alkane

A

butane

90
Q

Crude oil is formed from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago and were buried in ___.

A

mud

91
Q

Crude oil is formed from the remains of _______ ___ __________ that died millions of years ago and were buried in mud.

A

plants and animals

92
Q

Crude oil is formed from the remains of plants and animals that died millions of years ago and were ________ in mud.

A

buried

93
Q

The __________________ ________ uses some of the hydrocarbons from crude oil as a feedstock to make new compounds for use in things like polymers, solvents, lubricants and detergents.

A

petrolchemical industry

94
Q

The petrochemical industry uses some of the _______________ from crude oil as a feedstock to make new compounds for use in things like polymers, solvents, lubricants and detergents.

A

hydrocarbons

95
Q

The petrochemical industry uses some of the hydrocarbons from crude oil as a ___________ to make new compounds for use in things like polymers, solvents, lubricants and detergents.

A

feedstock

96
Q

The petrochemical industry uses some of the hydrocarbons from crude oil as a feedstock to make new _____________ for use in things like polymers, solvents, lubricants and detergents.

A

compounds

97
Q

The petrochemical industry uses some of the hydrocarbons from crude oil as a feedstock to make new compounds for use in things like _________, __________, __________ and ___________.

A

polymers, solvents, lubricants and detergents

Chemistry (9 decks)

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