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Chemistry GCSE > Using Resources > Flashcards

Using Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A metal mixed with another element to make a more useful product

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2
Q

Examples of alloys

A

Steel, brass, bronze

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3
Q

What is Bronze an alloy of?

A

Copper and tin

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4
Q

What is Brass an alloy of?

A

Copper and zinc

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5
Q

What is Solder an alloy of?

A

Zinc and lead

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6
Q

What is Amalgam an alloy of?

A

Mercury and silver or tin

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7
Q

How does adding elements to pure gold make it suitable to wear as jewellery?

A

Pure gold is soft so by adding other elements it’s making it stronger

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8
Q

What is Yellow Gold an alloy of?

A

Gold, copper and silver

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9
Q

How is Rose Gold made?

A

By adding more copper than silver

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10
Q

What is White Gold an alloy of?

A

Gold, nickel and platinum

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11
Q

Why is steel stronger than pure iron?

A

Because some particles are bigger than others it means that when pressure is exerted on one side the atoms don’t slide unlike in pure iron

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12
Q

How much carbon does Low Carbon Steel have?

A

Less than 0.25%

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13
Q

How much carbon does High Carbon Steel have?

A

More than 0.5%

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14
Q

What is Stainless Steel?

A

An alloy of iron that has 11% chronium

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15
Q

What is Titanium Steel?

A

An alloy of iron and titanium

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16
Q

What are properties of plastics?

A

Can be melted, malleable, waterproof, elastic, unreactive

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17
Q

What does HDPE stand for?

A

High Density Polyethene

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18
Q

What does LDPE stand for?

A

Low Density Polyethene

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19
Q

What conditions is LDPE formed under?

A

Very high pressure and traces of oxygen

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20
Q

What conditions is HDPE formed under?

A

Slight pressure, a catalyst and 50 degrees celsius

21
Q

What are the polymer chains like in LDPE?

A

Randomly branched and cannot pack closely together

22
Q

How are the polymer chains like in HDPE?

A

Straight and able to pack closely together

23
Q

What are thermosoftening plastics like?

A

Stretchy, low melting point and weak intermolecular forces

24
Q

What are thermosetting plastics like?

A

Rigid, high melting point and strong intermolecular forces

25
Q

What is a composite?

A

A mix of substances

26
Q

What is glass made of?

A

Sand, limestone and sodium carbonate

27
Q

How is glass made?

A
  1. Raw materials are heated to 1500 degrees celsius and melt
  2. They react to form molten glass
  3. As it cools, glass turns solid
28
Q

What are properties of clay ceramics?

A

Hard, brittle, electrical insulators, resistant to chemical attack

29
Q

What are clay ceramics made?

A

By moulding wet clay into the desired shapes and then heating them in a furnace at 1000 degrees celsius

30
Q

Examples of glass

A

Borosilicate glass, soda lime glass

31
Q

Examples of ceramics

A

Bricks, tiles, crockery, bathroom sinks, toilets, baths

32
Q

Examples of composites

A

Plywood, reinforced concrete, self cleaning glass

33
Q

What is the structure of composites?

A

Matrix bind particles around each other

34
Q

What is Ammonia?

A

A source of nitrogen

35
Q

How is Ammonia made?

A

The Haber Process

36
Q

What is the word equation for making Ammonia?

A

Nitrogen + hydrogen <——> Ammonia

37
Q

What is the symbol equation for making Ammonia?

A

N2 + 3H2 <——> 2NH3

38
Q

What are the conditions for the Haber Process?

A

450 degrees celsius, iron catalyst and pressure of 200 atm

39
Q

Why is the temperature of 450 degrees celsius used during the Haber Process?

A

It’s a compromise as a lower temperature is needed to favour the forward reaction and to give a higher yield but the rate of reaction is too slow but a higher temperate favours the backward reaction meaning lower yield and a faster rate of reaction

40
Q

Why is the pressure of 200 atm used during the Haber Process?

A

It’s a compromise as to obtain a high yield you need high pressure which is expensive and dangerous but with a lower pressure the rate of reaction is too slow

41
Q

What are the main elements needed for fertiliser?

A

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

42
Q

What is Ammonia often converted into?

A

Nitric acid

43
Q

What is the equation for reacting Ammonia with nitric acid?

A

Ammonia + Nitric acid —> Ammonium Nitrate

NH3 + HNO3 —> NH4NO3

44
Q

What is the equation for reacting Ammonia with phosphoric acid?

A

Ammonia + Phosphoric acid —> Ammonium Phosphate

3NH3 + H3PO4 —> (NH4)3PO4

45
Q

What is the equation for reacting Ammonia with sulphiric acid?

A

Ammonia + Sulphuric Acid —> Ammonium Sulpharw

2NH3 + H4SO4 —> (NH4)2SO4

46
Q

What are sources of phosphorus?

A

Deposits of phosphorus containing rock and which is dug and mined from the ground

47
Q

What can phosphorus be treated with?

A

Nitric Acid
Sulphuric Acid
Phosphoric Acid

48
Q

What potassium salts are mined from the ground?

A

Potassium chloride and potassium sulphate

49
Q

How do you make Ammonium Sulphate fertiliser in the lab?

A
  1. Collect 25cm cubed or Ammonia solution in conical flask using a pipette and filler
  2. Add dilute sulphuric acid 1cm cubed at a time using a burette
  3. Swirl flask after adding each cm cubed
  4. Dip a glass rod in solution then test on a small piece of blue litmus paper on a spotting tile
  5. Keep adding acid until litmus paper turns pink
  6. Put the neutralised solution in an evaporation basin and heat it on a water bath to get rid of water
  7. Wait until half of the mixture is evaporated
  8. Leave remaining solution to evaporate

Chemistry GCSE (8 decks)

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