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Chemistry GCSE > The Earth’s Resources > Flashcards

The Earth’s Resources Flashcards

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1
Q

Examples of finite resources

A

Fossil fuels, limestone

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2
Q

Examples of renewable resources

A

Solar, wood chips

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3
Q

What is potable water?

A

Water that is fit to drink

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4
Q

How is water treated?

A
  1. Water is filtered of large objects
  2. Water is sent to settlement tank and sand settles out
  3. Aluminium sulphate and lime are added
  4. Water is filtered again to get rid of any other finer particles
  5. A small amount of chlorine or ozone is added to kill remaining bacteria
  6. pH of water is checked and corrected
  7. Water is stored in tanks before being piped off
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5
Q

What is sewage?

A

Waste water

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6
Q

How is sewage treated?

A
  1. Screening ~ large objects and grit are removed
  2. Primary Treatment ~ water is rotated in large circular tank to removed sludge
  3. Secondary Treatment ~ microorganisms in the water are killed by useful bacteria
  4. Final Treatment ~ useful bacteria settles out and waste water is safe to be put in rivers and sea
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7
Q

How can sludge be used?

A

Digested anaerobically by microorganisms and biogas is produced

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8
Q

What can biogas be used for?

A

To power sewage treatment plants, provide electricity, to produce methane gas

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9
Q

How do you analyse a sample of water?

A
  1. Pour 1cm depth of water sample 1 into a test tube and add a few drops of universal indicator
  2. Match the colour with a colour on the pH colour chart and record the results
  3. Repeat for water samples 2 and 3
  4. Weigh a dry watch glass and record its mass
  5. Pour 4cm cubed of water sample 1 into the watch glass and place it about beaker acting as a water bath
  6. Allow all water to evaporate from watch glass but don’t let the water bath boil dry
  7. Remove watch glass with tongs and allow it to cool
  8. Reweigh the watch glass and work out mass of dissolved solids
  9. Repeat steps 5-8 for water samples 2 and 3
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10
Q

How do you purify a sample of water by distillation?

A
  1. Place the water sample in a conical flask and set up the apparatus for distillation
  2. Heat the water using a bunsen burner until it boils
  3. Reduce the heat so the water boils gently
  4. The distilled water will collect in the cooled test tube
  5. Collect 1cm depth of distilled water and then stop heating
  6. Analyse the distilled water with cobalt chlorine paper
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11
Q

What are the two methods of extracting copper from copper-rich ores?

A

Sulphuric acid and smelting

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12
Q

How is sulphuric acid used to extract copper from copper-rich ores?

A

It creates copper sulphate solution before extracting the copper metal

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13
Q

How is smelting used to extract copper from copper-rich ores?

A

Copper is heated to a high temperature in a furnace with air to produce impure copper

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14
Q

How is copper extracting through phytomining?

A

Plants that have absorbed copper ions are burnt and copper is extracted from the ash

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15
Q

How is copper extracting through bioleaching?

A

Bacteria feed on low grade copper ores

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16
Q

What does LCA stand for?

A

Life Cycle Assessment

17
Q

Why are LCAs carried out?

A

To assess the impact of getting/processing raw materials, making packaging and products, maintaining/using/reusing the product and disposing of the product on the environment

18
Q

How is an LCA carried out?

A

Listing all energy and material inputs and outputs
Evaluating potential environmental impacts from inputs and outputs
Interpreting the results to make decisions

19
Q

What are the stages of a life cycle of a product?

A
  1. Raw material
  2. Manufacture
  3. Reuse
  4. Recycling or Waste Management
20
Q

What is Reduce, Reuse, Recycle?

A

A message seen in green campaigns

21
Q

What are the aims of RRR campaigns?

A

Use of energy and limited resources, and waste we produce

22
Q

How is aluminium extracted through electrolysis?

A

Extracted from molten aluminium oxide at high temperatures

23
Q

Why is recycling better than electrolysis?

A

Saves energy and money

24
Q

How do you recycle aluminium?

A
  1. Scrap aluminium
  2. Feed conveyer
  3. Shredder
  4. Deviated
  5. Melting furnace
  6. Filtration unit
  7. Chin casting unit
  8. Shredder
  9. Ingots
25
Q

Why does recycled impure copper need to be purified?

A

Use of electrical wiring

26
Q

How is high quality copper from wires recycled?

A

Melting or reusing

27
Q

Disadvantages of mining

A 
Nearby water affected
Destroys habitats
Creates noise and dust
Leaves loads of waste rock
Scars the landscape
28
Q

How does extracting sulphur lead to acid rain?

A

Sulphide ores are heated at high temperatures in smelting, any sulphur dioxide that escapes can lead to acid rain

29
Q

How does extracting iron enhance the greenhouse effect and global warming issues?

A

Carbon dioxide is given off

30
Q

What is rust?

A

A soft, crumbly substance which develops on metals when exposed to water and oxygen

31
Q

How does rusting effect machinery?

A

Stops it functioning properly and weakens it

32
Q

What is the word equation for rusting?

A

Iron + Oxygen + Water —> Hydrated Iron(III) Oxide

33
Q

What is the symbol equation for rusting?

A

2Fe + 1.5O2 + 5H2O —-> Fe2O3.5H20

34
Q

What makes metals rust faster?

A

Salt water and acid rain

35
Q

How can rusting be prevented?

A

Paint, oil, grease, plastic, more reactive metals

36
Q

What does galvanised mean?

A

A more reactive metal coats a less reactive metal to protect it

37
Q

What is the practical for rusting?

A
  1. Label three test tubes A, B and C
  2. In test tube A put half a spatula of anhydrous calcium chloride
  3. Place a loosely packed plug of cotton wool halfway down the test tube and put an iron nail on top of it
  4. Seal the test tube with a rubber bung
  5. Put an iron nail in test tubes B and C
  6. Almost completely fill test tube B with boiling water and add a thin layer of oil then seal the test tube with a rubber bung
  7. Place a bit of water in test tube C and leave it open to the air
  8. Leave the set up for a week and observe the nails
  9. After a week record results
38
Q

What are the results of the rusting practical?

A

Test tube A - no rusting
Test tube B - a bit of rusting
Test tube C - a lot of rusting

Chemistry GCSE (8 decks)

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