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Meds > Uses > Flashcards

Uses Flashcards

1
Q

Antidiabetic drugs: Insulins

A

Insulin is required for transport of monosaccharides and amino acids through cell membrane of insulin-sensitive cells, incl. skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, mammary glands, anterior pituitary, aorta, lens of eye.

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2
Q

Insulins: Use

A

Control of hyperglycaemia in pts c type 1 or type 2 DM; Treatment of diabetic keotacidosis; Pts requiring temporary insulin therapy during pregnancy; Unlabeled use: treatment of hyperkalemia (regular insulin only)

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3
Q

Insulins: Side/Adverse Effects

A

DERM: localized urticarial lesions (usually disappear), lipodystrophy of subcutaneous fat, pruritus; END: hypoglycemia due to excess; insulin resistance; OTHER: hypersensitivity reactions, incl. anaphylactic shock, angioneurotic edema

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4
Q

Contraindications + Interactions

A

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity or allergy to particular insulin, preservatives, or other additives; Hypoglycemia

Interactions: B-blockers, clonidine, and reserpine may mask S+S of hypoglycaemia; Corticosteroids, estrogens, niacin, phenothiazines, rifampn, and thyroid hormone replacement drugs may ^ insulin requirements; Concurrent use of ACE-Is, alcohol, guanethidine, MAO-Is, octreotide, oral anti diabetic drugs, propranolol, and salicylates may decrease insulin requirements and intensify hypoglycemic effects of insulin

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5
Q

Types of Insulins

A

Ultra-Rapid-Acting Insulins: Insulin aspart (Novolog); Insulin glulisine (Apidra) Insulin lispro (Humalog)
Rapid-Acting Insulin: Regular Insulin (Novolin-R, Humalog-R)
Intermediate-Acting Insulin: NPH (Novolin-N)
Long-Acting Insulins: Insulin glargine solution (Lantus); Insulin detemir (Levemir)

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6
Q

Skeletal Muscle Relaxants: Baclofen

A

Adjunct for relief of discomfort associated c acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions; Treatment of spasticity resulting from multiple sclerosis, esp. for flexor spasms

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7
Q

Acetaminophen (APAP); Nonopiod Analgesic

OTC: Preg Cat B

A

Analgesic for mild/moderate pain as sole agent or in combination c other analgesics or opiods; Antipyretic for febrile states; Decrease pain and fever associated c vaccinations

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8
Q

Acyclovir/ Acyclovir Sodium (Zovirax); Antiviral: Purine Nucleoside Analog

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Treatment/management of initial and recurrent herpes genitalis (HSV-1, HSV-2), cutaneous.mucosal infections, and herpes zoster (varicella-zoster) infection in normal and immunocompromised pts; Treatment of chickenpox (varicella virus), neonatal herpes infection, and herpes simplex encephalitis

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9
Q

Albuterol (Ventolin HFA)/ Salmeterol (Serevent Discus); Adrenergics: Bronchodilators

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Albuterol: Short-term use to control and prevent reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or COPD. Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm/asthma. PO formulation used for pts c chronic/persistent bronchospasm

Salmeterol: Long-term control of reversible airway obstruction due to asthma and for maintenance treatment of asthma and prevention of bronchospasm

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10
Q

Tamulosin (Flomax); Antiadrenergics

Rx: Preg Cat B

A

Management of obstruction to urinary outflow in pts c benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

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11
Q

Alprazolam (Xanax)/ Lorazepam (Ativan); Antianxiety/Sedative-hypnotics; Benzodiazepines

Rx: Preg Cat D

A

Treatment of GAD, panic disorder; Management of anxiety associated c depression; Unlabeled uses: Management of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), insomnia, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and other somatic symptoms associated c anxiety; Used as an adjunct c acute mania, acute psychosis; Lorazepam unlabelled used: Antiemetic prior to antineoplastic therapy

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12
Q

Amitriptyline (Generic); Tricyclic Antidepressants

Rx: Preg Cat C/D

A

Various forms of depression; Unlabeled uses amitriptyline: Anxiety, insomnia chronic pain syndrome (ex: fibromyalgia, neuropathic pain, headache, low back pain)

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13
Q

Amlodipine (Norvasc): Antihypertensive: Long-Acting Calcium Channel Blocker

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Treatment of hypertension as a sole agent or in combination c other antihypertensives.; Treatment of chronic/stable Prinzmetal’s angina (vasospastic) as a sole agent or in combination c other antianginals; Treatment of CAD that is angiographically documented s heart failure or an ejection fraction

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14
Q

Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox): Antibiotics: Penicillins (2nd Generation)

Rx: Preg Cat B

A

Treatment of auditory, GU, respiratory, GI tract infections caused by susceptible strains of Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Proteus mirabilis. Treatment of Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumonia infections. Endocarditis prophylaxis. In combination therapy for Helicobacter pylori

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15
Q

Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) (Ascriptin, Bufferin, Easprin, Ecotrin, Empirin): Salicylate: Analgesic, Antiinflammatory, Antipyretic, Antiplatelet, NSAID

OTC/Rx for single ingredient formulation

A

Analgesic for mild/moderate pain as sole agent or in combination other analgesics/opiods; Antipyretic; Rheumatoid/osteoarthritis, other arthritic diseases; Symptomatic treatment of rheumatic fever; Prophylaxis of thrombosis-related diseases. esp. coronary artery disease

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16
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)/ Pravastatin (Pravachol): HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (AKA Statins)

Rx: Preg Cat X

A

Adjunct to diet in management of primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed hyperlipidemias’ Atorvastatin: Primary prevention of CV disease in pts c multiple risk factors for CHD or type 2 DM

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17
Q

Azithromycin (Zithromax): Antibiotics: Macrolide Antibiotics

Rx: Preg Cat B/C

A

Treatment of lower and upper respiratory, sin, and STIs caused by susceptible strains of Chlamydia pneumonia, Chlamydia trachoma tis, Haemophilus ducreyi (chrancroid), haemophilus influenza, Legionella pheumophila, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma hominid, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Staphyloccocus pneumonia, Streptococcus progenies; Treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) c rifabutin in advanced HIV infection; Pediatric acute otitis media due to H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, S. pneumonia; pharyngitis, tonsillitis (PO suspension)

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18
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril): Antihypertensives, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-Is)

Rx; Preg Cat C (1st trimester) D (2nd and 3rd)

A

Hypertension, alone or c other drugs; Management of heart failure (HF); Decrease in risk for HF after MI

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19
Q

Bupropion (Welbutrin): Antidepressant; Smoking Cessation Aid (SR)

Rx: Preg Cat B

A

Treatment of depression

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20
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex): Antibiotics: Cephalosporins (1st Generation)

Rx: Preg Cat B

A

Treatment of respiratory infections, skin or skin structure infections, bone and joint infections, UTIs, intraabdominal and gynecologic infections, otitis media, and septicaemia caused by susceptible strains of Streptococcus pneumonia, group A B-hemolytic streptococcus, penicillinase-producing staphylococci, some gram-negative rods, incl. Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli; Not active against methicillin-resistant staphylococci

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21
Q

Celecoxib (Celebrex): Antiinflammatory: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitor, NSAID

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Treatment of osteo-rheumatoid arthritis; Treatment of acute adult pain and dysmenorrhea, ankylosing spondylitis (AS); Decrease number of adenomatous colorectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP); Treatment of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

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22
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL): Diuretics (Thiazide); Antihypertensive

Rx: Preg Cat B

A

Treatment of hypertension as sole agent/in combination c other antihypertensives; Treatment of edema due to renal dysfunction; Adjunct in treating edema due to CHF, hepatic cirrhosis, corticosteroids/estrogen therapy

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23
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid) Ranitidine (Zantac): histamine-2 Antagonists, Histamine -2 Blockers

Rx/OTC; Preg Cat B

A

Treatment of acid indigestion, heartburn; Short-term treatment of active duodenal and gastric ulcers; Maintenance after healing of duodenal and gastric ulcers; Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD); Treatment of erosive esophagitis (ranitidine); Prevention and treatment of stress-induced upper GI bleeding in critically ill pts

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24
Q

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro; Cipro XR; Proquin XR): Antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Treatment of acute respiratory tract infection, incl. exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute maxillary, sinusitis, community-acquired, or nosocomial pneumonia; and prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin); chronic bacterial prostatitis, acute pyelonephritis, UTIs (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), skin/skin structure infections and infectious diarrhea (ciprofloxacin), intraabdominal infections (ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin) caused by susceptible strains of Chlamydia pneumonia, Enterobactercloacae, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Legionella pneumophila, Morazella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes

25
Q

Citalopram (Celexa): Anidepressants; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Depression; Unlabeled Uses: GAD, panic disorder, OCD, PTSD, social anxiety disorder (SAD)

26
Q

Clonazepam (Klonopin): Benzodiazepine: Antiepileptic Drug

Rx Civ; Preg Cat D

A

Treatment of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, akineisa, myoclonic seizures; may be useful in petit map seizures; Treatment of panic disorder (DSM-IV)

27
Q

Clonidine (Catapres, Catapres-TTS, Duraclon): Antihypertensive: A2 Agonist

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Treatment of hypertension as sole agent/in combination c other antihypertensive drugs; Treatment of severe cancer pain (epidural infusion) in combination c opiates; Unlabeled Uses: Management of opiod withdrawal, adjunct for neuropathic pain

28
Q

Codeine Sulfate; Opioid Analgesic

Rx Cii; Preg Cat C

A

Relief of moderate pain as sole agent/ in combination c nonopioid analgesics; Antitussive (in smaller doses); Unlabeled use: Management of diarrhea

29
Q

Dalteparin (Fragmin): Anticoagulants: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Fragments

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

(Dalteparin/ Enoxaparin)Prevention of venous-thromboembolism (VTE) and/or pulmonary embolism (PE); (Dalteparin) Extended treatment of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and/or PE in pts c cancer; (Dalteparin/ Enoxaparin) Prevention of ischemic complications (along c aspirin) from unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation MI

30
Q

Diazepam (Valium); Antianxiety Drug; Sedative-Hypnotic: Benzodiazepine

Rx Civ; Preg Cat D

A

Treatment of anxiety, tension, alcohol withdrawal symptoms; Seizure disorders; Preop/procedural exam anxiety; Adjunct for relief of skeletal muscle spasm

31
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl Allergy); Histamine-1 Antagonist (Histamine 1 blocker)

Rx/OTC; Preg Cat B

A

Relief of allergy symptoms, incl. anaphylaxis, chronic idiopathic urticaria; Allergic dermatoses; Parkinson’s disease and systolic reactions from drugs; Mild nighttime sedation; Prevention of motion sickness; Antitussive (syrup only)

32
Q

Esomeprazole (Nexium), Omeprazole (Losec, Prilosec), Pantoprazole (Protonix): Proton Pump Inhibitors

Rx: Preg Cat B

A

GERD; Maintenance of healing in erosive esophagitis; Duodenal ulcers (c or s treatment of Helicobacter pylori); Short-term treatment of active gastric ulcer; Zollinger-Ellison syndrome; Risk reduction for pts at risk for GI bleeding; Decreased risk of gastric ulcers during continuous NSAID therapy

33
Q

Furosemide (Lasix): Loop Diuretic

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Treatment of edema due to renal dysfunction; Treatment of hypertension as sole agent/in combination c other antihypertensives; Adjunct in treating edema due to CHF, hepatic cirrhosis, acute pulmonary edema

34
Q

Gabapentin (Neurontin)L Antiepileptic Drug; Analgesic Adjunct, Mood Stabilizer

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Adjunct treatment for partial seizures; Postherpetic neuralgia; Unlabeled uses: Neuropathic pain, prevention of migraine headaches, bipolar disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathy

35
Q

Heparin (Generic): Anticoagulant: High-Molecular-Weight Heparin; Antithrombotic

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Prophylaxis, treatment of arterial embolism pulmonary embolism, venous thrombosis and extensions; Atrial fibrillation c embolization; Prevention of clotting during arterial.heart surgery; Diagnosis, treatment of acute/chronic consumption coagulopathies (disseminated intravascular coagulation); Anticoagulant for use in blood transfusion, extracororeal circulation, dialysis, laboratory blood samples; Controversial adjunct in treating coronary occlusion c acute MI

36
Q

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Motrin IB): Antiinflammatory; Analgesic, Antipyretic, NSAID

Rx/ OTC; Preg Cat C/D

A

Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA)/oseoarthritis; Relief of mild/,operate pain, primary dysmenorrhea; Antipyretic; Treatment of pauciarticular/ polyarthritic cause of juvenile RA for children > 2 y/o; Treatment of preoperative pain for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery

37
Q

Ipratropuim (Atrovent): Anticholindergics: Bronchodilators

Rx: Preg Cat B, C (combination products)

A

Maintenance of reversible symptoms associated c COPD; Treatment of rhinorrhea associated c common cold (0.06% spray); Combivent indicated for pts who require a second bronchodilator for COPD

38
Q

Levothyroxine (T4) (synthyroid): Thyroid Replacement Hormone

Rx: Preg Cat A

A

Treatment of hypothyroidism; Suppression of pituitary TSH in prevention/treatment of various types of goiters

39
Q

Loratadine (Alavert, Claritin): Histamine-1 Antagonists; histamine-1 Blockers

Rx/OTC; Preg Cat B

A

Relief of allergy symptoms, chronic idiopathic urticaria; Management of hives

40
Q

Metformin (Glucophage (XR), Fortamet, Glumetza): Oral hypoglycemic: Biguanide

Rx: Preg Cat B

A

Management of type 2 DM that cannot be controlled by diet alone

41
Q

Methadone (Methadose, Dolophine): Opioid Analgesic

Rx Cii; Preg Cat C

A

Moderate/severe pain unresponsive to nonopiod analgesics; Detoxification from heroin dependency; Maintenance therapy of opioid dependency; Unlabeled use: Neonatal abstinence syndrome

42
Q

Metoprolol Tartrate (Lopressor, Toprol XL): Antihypertensive: B-Adrenergic Blocker

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Treatment of hypertension as sole agent/in combination c other antihypertensives (esp. thiazide diuretics); To decrease mortality rate in MI; Long-term treatment of angina

43
Q

Metronidazole (Flagyl, Flagyl ER, Metrocream, MetroGel, MetroGel-Vaginal, MetroLotion): Antiamebic; Antibacterial

Rx: Preg Cat B

A

Treatment of symptomatic/asymptomatic trichomoniasis; Treatment of amebic dysentery, amebic liver abscesses; Treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections caused by susceptible strains of Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., Eubacterium spp., Fusobacterium spp., Peptococcus spp., Peptostreptococcus spp.; Prevention of postop infection in pts c potential/contaminated elective colorectal surgery; Treatment of rosacea (gel), bacterial vaginitis (vaginal gel); Combination treatment of Helicobacter pylori

44
Q

Morphine Sulfate (Generci): Opium Alkaloid

Rx Cii; Preg Cat C

A

Relief of moderate/severe pain; Preanesthetic sedation; postop or obstetric analgesia; Antitussive, antidiarrheal

45
Q

Naproxen (Naprelan): Analgesics; NSAIDs

Rx: Preg Cat B (1st trimester)

A

Mild/moderate pain; Dysmenorrhea; Fever; Inflammatory disorders, incl. rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis; Gout

46
Q

Oxycodone (Oxy IR, Oxycontin, Roxicodone), Oxycodone/ Acetaminophen (Percocet): Opioid Analgesic

Rx Cii; Preg Cat C (oxycodone alone)

A

Moderate/ severe pain

47
Q

Paroxetine HCL (Paxil, Paxil CR), Paroxetine mesylate (pexeva): Antidepressant/Antianxiety; SSRI

Rx: Preg Cat D

A

Major depressive disorder, panic disorder, OCD, GAD, SAD, PTSD, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

48
Q

Penicillin V potassium (Veedbids), Penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin L-A, Permapen), Penicillin G procaine (Wycillin): Antibiotic: Natural penicillins

Rx: Preg Cat B

A

Penicillin G and V drugs of choice for most strains of Actinomyces, a-hemolytic streptococci, Bacillus anthraces, Bacteroides spp. (except B. fragilis), Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium tetani (c antitoxins), Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Fusobacterium (Vincent’s angina), group A B-hemolytic streptococci, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Neisseria meningitides, Pasteruella multocida, staphylococci (non-penicillinase producing), Streptobacillus moniliformis, streptococci (groups C,G,H,L,M), Streptococcus pneumonia, Treponema pallidum (syphilis), Treponema pertenue (yaws); Prophylaxis of group A streptococcal infections in pts c rheumatic fever, prevention of recurrence; Prevention of bacterial endocarditis in pts congenital/rheumatic heart lesions who require dental procedure, upper respiratory tract surgery, instrumentation; Prevention of bacteria after tooth extraction

49
Q

Prednisone (Steraped)/ Methylprednisolone (Solu-Medrol): Immunosuppressants: Systemic Corticosteroids

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Used in a variety of chronic illnesses, incl. inflammatory, allergic, hematologic, neoplastic, autoimmune diseases

50
Q

Quetiapine (seroquel); Antipsychotic: Neuroleptic

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Treatment of psychotic disorders

51
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal): Antipsychotic, Mood Stabilizer

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Management of psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism

52
Q

Sitagliptin (Januvia): Antidiabetics: DPP-4 Inhibitors

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Adjunct c diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults c type 2 DM

53
Q

Sertraline (Zoloft): Antidepressant; SSRI

Rx: Preg Cat C

A

Major depressive disorder; Panic disorder; OCD; PTSD; SAD; Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD); Unlabeled use: GAD

54
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone): Diuretic: Aldosterone Antagonist, Potassium-Sparing Diuretic

Rx: Preg Cat D

A

Diagnosis of 1 hyperaldosteronism; Short-term preop treatment of 1 hyperaldosteronism; Maintenance therapy in pts c discrete aldosterone-producing adrenal adenomas, bilateral micronodular/macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (idiopathic hyperaldosteronism); Treatment/prevention of hypokalemia when other methods are inadequate; Treatment of nephrosis in pts not suitable for other methods; Adjunct in treating hypertension, edema due to CHF/ cirrhosis of liver

55
Q

Tramadol (Ultram, Ultram Er, Ryzolt): Centrally-Acting Nonopioid Analgesic

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Moderate/moderately severe pain. ER formulation indicated for pts who require around-the-clock pain management

56
Q

Trazodone (Generic): Antidepressant

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Major depression; Unlabeled uses: Insomnia, chronic pain syndromes, incl. diabetic neuropathy, and anxiety

57
Q

Venlafaxine (Effexor/ Effexor XR): Antidepressant; Selective Serotonin/ Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Major depressive disorder; GAD and panic disorder (XR capsules only); Unlabeled use: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

58
Q

Verapamil (Calan (SR), Covera HS, Isoptin SR, Varelan (PM), Generic): Antihypertensive: Calcium Channel Blocker

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

PO: Management of angina pectoris, vasospastic angina (Prinzmetal’s), arrhythmias, hypertension. IV: Management of atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT); Unlabeled use: Prevention of migraine headache

59
Q

Warfarin Sodium (coumadin): Coumarin Anticoagulant

Rx; Preg Cat X

A

Adjunct in coronary occlusion; Treatment of thromembolic complications associated c atrial fibrillation, cardiac valve replacement; Prophylaxis, treatment of venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism

Meds (6 decks)

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