Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Meds > Contraindications/ Precautions > Flashcards

Contraindications/ Precautions Flashcards

1
Q

Antidiabetic Drugs

A

Hypersensitivity or allergy to particular insulin, preservatives, or other additives; Hypoglycemia
Clinical Considerations: Close supervision required when changing insulin preparation due to possible differences in purity, strength, origin of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Baclofen

A

Hypersensitivity; Baclofen and orally administered dantrolene should not be used in pts for whom spasticity is used to maintain posture and balance; Use cautiously in pts c hx of liver disease; Safe use during pregnancy and lactation has not been established

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Acetaminophen (APAP) (Tylenol); Nonopioid Analgesic: p-Aminophenol, Nonsalicylate Analgesic

OTC; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity, known glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.
Clinical Considerations: Use by those who abuse alcohol may produce significant hepatotoxicity; Continued fevers may indicate significant illness/infection; Use in children for >5 days or in adults for >10 days requires medical supervision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Acyclovir (Zovirax) Acyclovir Sodium (Zovira (Biovial)); Antiviral: Purine Nucleoside Analog

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity to drug or valacyclovir.
Clinical Considerations: IV powder for injecting not intended for PO, subcut, IM, topical use, or use in the eyes; Avoid rapid bolus injection; Safety and efficacy of topical application in children not established

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Albuterol (Ventolin HFA)/ Salmeterol (Serevent Discus): Adrenergics: Bronchodilators

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivty; Use cautiously in pts c hx of heart disease, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, DM, glaucoma, seizure disorders; Excessive use may lead to tolerance and paradoxical bronchospasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alfuzosin (Tamulosin): Antiadrenergics

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity; Moderate/severe hepatic impairment; Use cautiously in pts at risk for prostate carcinoma, which has similar symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alprazolam (Xanax)/ Lorazepam (Ativan): Antianxiety/ Sedative - Hypnotics; Benzodiazepines

Rx; Preg Cat D

A

Hypersensitivity; Cross-sensitivity c other benzodiazepines, preexisting CNS depression; Severe uncontrolled pain, narrow-angle glaucoma, obstructive sleep apnea, pulmonary disease; Concurrent use of itraconazole or ketoconazole; Use in pregnancy may cause CNS depression, flaccidity, feeding difficulties, and seizures in infant; Use cautiously in pts c renal or hepatic impairment; Hx of suicide attempt or alcohol/drug dependency, debilitated pts; Safety and efficacy in paediatric pts has not been established; Older adults have ^ risk for falls and excessive CNS effects found on Beer’s list; Use cautiously in pts c severe liver/kidney/lung impairment, myasthenia gravis, hx of suicide attempt or drug abuse, COPD, sleep apnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Amitriptyline (Generic); Tricyclic Antidepressants

Rx; Preg Cat C/D

A

Hypersensitivity; Closed-angle glaucoma; Known hx of prolonged Q-T interval, recent MI, heart failure, preexisting cardiac disease; Use cautiously in pts c suicidal ideations, esp. early in treatment; risk is ^ in children and adolescents; Prostatic hyperplasia; Hx of seizures; Use in pregnant women only if benefits outweigh risk of fetal harm; May result in sedation of infant who is breast-feeding; Safety has not been established in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Amlodipine (Norvasc): Antihypertensive: Long-Acting Calcium Channel Blocker

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity; Systolic BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox): Antibiotic: Pencillins (2nd Generation)

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity to penicillins or clavulanate; Possible cross-sensitivity to cephalosporins and other B-lactam antibiotics; Oral suspension and chewable tablets contain aspartame; avoid in pts c phenylketonuria; Infectious mononucleosis, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and cytomegalovirus ^ risk for rash; Use cautiously in pts c CrCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Aspirin (Acetylsalicyclic Acid) (Ascriptin, Bufferin, Easprin, Ectorin, Empirin): Salicylate: Analgesic, Antinflammatory, Antipyretic, Antiplatelet, NSAID

OTC/Rx for single ingredient formulation; Preg Cat D 1st Trimester

A

Hypersensitivity to any salicylate; tartrazine (FDC yellow dye #5), active ulcers; Cross-sensitivity with otter NSAIDs; Bleeding disorders or thrombocytopenia

Clinical Considerations: Use c chickenpox/flulike symptoms in children/teenagers has been associated c Reye’s syndrome; Avoid use in surgical pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)/ Pravastatin (Pravachol): HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (also known as “statins”)

Rx; Preg Cat X

A

Hypersensitivity; Active liver disease or unexplained persistent ^ AST/ALT; Concurrent use of gemfibrozil or azole antifungals, nelfinavir or ritonavir (c lovastatin or simvastatin); Concurrent use of pitavastatin c cyclosporine or lopinavir/ritonavir; Severe renal impairment (CrCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Azithromycin (Zinthromax); Antibiotics: Macrolide Antibiotics

Rx; Preg Cat B/C

A

Hypersensitivity to drug, erythromycin, or any macrolide
Clinical Considerations: Allergic reactions have recurred after D/C s further drug exposure; Use in pts c liver dysfunction requires caution; Not recommended c pneumonia for PO therapy due to severe illness or risk factors, incl. CF, nosocomial infection, bacteremia, hospitalization, debilitated/older adult pts; Use cautiously in pts c liver or renal impairment; Safe use during pregnancy, lactation, or in children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril): Antihypertensives, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE-Is)

Rx; Preg Cat C during 1st trimester, D during 2nd and 3rd

A

Hypersensitivity; Hx of angioedema 2 degree to other ACE-I use; Use extreme caution in pts c family hx of angioedema; Women of childbearing age: fetal injury or death; D/C breastfeeding or use formula - certain ACE-Is appear in breast milk; Use ACE-Is c caution in pts c liver or kidney impairment, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, concurrent diuretic therapy; Monotherapy less effective, c ^ risk for angioedema, in African-American pts; Safe use in children has not been established for most ACE-Is; Older adults: decrease dosage initially because of age-related changes in renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bupropion (Wellbutrin): Antidepressant; Smoking Cessation Aid (SR tablet)

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity; Seizure disorders; Current or prior anorexia nervosa or bulimia; Use of MAO-I; Abrupt D/C of alcohol or sedatives. BBW: ANTIDEPRESSANT USE IN CHILDREN/ADOLESCENTS CAN ^ RISK OF SUICIDAL IDEATIONS
Clinical Considerations: Rare episodes of seizures occur, appear related to drug dosage, pt predisposing factors (anorexia/bulimia); Use in pts c hepatic/renal impairment, recent MI requires caution; Immediate-release tables (non-SR) can cause delusions, hallucinations, and other psychiatric reactions; Use can induce manic episodes in bipolar manic-depressive pts during depressed phase; SR tablet can cause weight loss; Hypertension is reported in pts c bupropion or in combination c nicotine replacement therapy, and BP should be monitored esp. c combination antismoking treatment; Safety and efficacy in pts c recent MI or unstable heart disease not established

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Cephalexin (Keflex): Antibiotics: Cephalosporins (1st generation)

Rx: Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins or penicillins; Use cautiously in pts c renal impairment, hx of GI disease (particularly colitis); Have been used safely during pregnancy and lactation, although half-life is shorter and serum levels lower; Dosage adjustment may be needed in older adults due to age-related changed in renal function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Celecoxib (Celebrex); Antiinflammatory: Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitor, NSAID

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity; asthma, aspirin, NSAIDs, or sulfonamide hypersensitivity; Preoperative pain c coronary artery bypass surgery. BBW: USE CAN ^ RISK OF GI BLEEDING, ULCERS, PERFORATION, CV THROMBOTIC EVENTS, MI, STROKE. Clinical Considerations: Use during late pregnancy may cause premature ductus arterioles closure and should be avoided; Use in dehydrated pts requires caution; Celecoxib is excreted in rat breast milk and requires careful clinical consideration for use in breast-feeding mothers; Safety and efficacy in pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hydrochlorthiazide (Hydrodiuril): Diuretics (Thiazide); Antihypertensive

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity to any thiazide, other sulphonamide-derivative drugs; Anuria; Use cautiously in pts c liver or kidney impairment; Some formulations contain tartazine and should be avoided in pts c known intolerance. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Avoid Hydrochlorothiazide in neonates (contains sodium benzoate, a metabolite of benzyl alcohol, which causes fetal gasping syndrome)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Famotidine (Pepcid)/ Ranitidine (Zantac); histamine-2 Antagonists, Himstamine-2 Blockers

Rx/OTC; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity; Some formulations contain alcohol and should be avoided in pts c known intolerance; Some formulations contain aspartame and should be avoided in pts c phenylketonuria; Use cautiously in pts c renal impairment (CrCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro, Cipro XR, Proquin XR): Antibiotics: Fluoroquinolones

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity to drug or other fluoroquinolones; Cross-resistance exists between fluoroquinolones; Concurrent use of moxifloxacin and Class I (disopyramide, quinidine, procainamide) or Class III (amiodarone, stall) antiarrhythmics ^ risk for prolonged Q-T interval and torsades de pointes; Known prolonged Q-T interval; Use only for treatment of anthrax and complicated UTIs in children ages 1-17 y/o because of possible arthropathy; Use cautiously in pts c known or suspected CNS disorders, renal impairment (CrCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Citalopram (Celexa): Antidepressants; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity; Concurrent MAO-I therapy or pimozide; Concurrent use of citalopram and escitalopram; Use cautiously in pts c hx of mania, suicidal ideations/attempts, hx of seizure disorders, disorders likely to result in altered metabolism or hemodynamic responses; Use during third trimester of pregnancy may result in neonatal serotonin syndrome requiring hospitalization for nutritional and respirator support; May ^ risk for suicidal ideations/attempts in children and adolescents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Clonazepam (Klonopin): Benzodiazepine: Antiepileptic Drug

Rx Civ; Preg Cat D

A

Hypersensitivity; Narrow-angle significant glaucoma; Liver disease. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Use can produce dependence; abrupt D/C can result in withdrawal symptoms; Breast-feeding during treatment should be avoided; Use can ^ onset of seizures in pts c mixed seizure disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Clonidine (Catapres, Catapres-TTS, Duraclon): Antihypertensive: a2 Agonist

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Use c caution in pts c cerebrovascular/coronary insufficiency, recent MI, or renal disease; Drug ^ growth hormone release but does not induce chronic elevations c long-term use; Tolerance can develop and may require reevaluation of treatment; Transdermal patch can cause skin rash, and application sites should be rotated; Use caution c TCAs

24
Q

Codeine Sulfate; Opioid Analgesic

Rx Ciii; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity; Use c extreme caution in head injuries; impaired respirations; severe renal, liver, or pulmonary disease; Hypothyroidism; Adrenal insufficiency; Alcoholism; Undiagnosed abdominal pain; prostatic hyperplasia. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Use can produce dependence; abrupt D/C can result in withdrawal symptom

25
Q

Dalteparin (Fragmin): Anticoagulants: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Fragments

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity to drug, heparin, or porcine products; Active bleeding; Pts undergoing region anesthesia for unstable angina or non-Q-wave MI due to ^ risk of bleeding. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Not for IM administration and cannot be used interchangeably unit for unit c heparin or other low-molecular-weight heparins; Risk for developing an epidural or spinal hemotoma, which can result in long-term/permanent paralysis when epidural/spinal puncture is employed; Use c caution in pts c hx of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, and pts c ^ risk of bleeding c other medical risk factors, pts c liver or kidney disease, untreated hypertension, recent hex f ulcer disease; Use can induce rare thromocytopenia and thrombosis; Injection site reaction can produce hematomas; Dalteparin injection preserved c benzyl alcohol should not be used in premature infants due to a possible fatal gasping syndrome; Injection should not be mixed c other injections unless specific compatibility is established; Use of benzyl alcohol-preserved injection in pregnant women not recommended; Periodic complete blood/platelet counts and stool occult blood tests are required during treatment; Use c caution in nursing mothers; Safety and efficacy in children not established

26
Q

Diazepam (Valium): Antianxiety Drug; Sedative-Hypnotic: Benzodiazepine

Rx Civ; Preg Cat D

A

Hypersensitivity; Cross-sensitivity c other benzodiazepines; Myasthetnia gravis, narrow-angle glaucoma, comatose pts, sleep apnea, severe pulmonary or liver impairment, uncontrolled severe pain. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Not indicated for psychotic disorders; Extended use can result in dependence, withdrawal symptoms; Do not mix diazepam injection c other drugs or solutions; Safe use during pregnancy, lactation, in children has not been established; Injection contains benzyl alcohol, which can cause neonatal gasping syndrome

27
Q

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl Allergy): Histamine-1 Antagonist (Histamine-1 Blocker)

Rx/ OTC; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity; Acute attacks of asthma; Known alcohol intolerance (some liquid products); Use cautiously in pts c severe liver disease, closed-angle glaucoma, hyperthyroidism, seizure disorders, prostatic hyperplasia, peptic ulcer disease; May cause paradoxical excitement in young children; Older adults more susceptible to adverse reactions and anticholinergic effects, incl. delirium, acute confusion, dizziness, dry mouth, blurry vision, urinary retention, constipation, tachycardia, Contraindicated c breast-feeding; Safe use during pregnancy or in children

28
Q

Esomeprazole (Nexium)/Omeprazole (Losec, Prilosec)/ Pantoprazole (Protonix): Proton Pump Inhibitors

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity; Concurrent use of atazanavir or nelfinavir; Increased risk for hip fractures in pts taking high doses for >1 yr (esomeprazole); Use c caution in pts c moderate/severe hepatic impairment (dexlansoprazole); Use lansoprazole c caution in pts who have phenylketonuria (contains aspartame); Safety during lactation and in children not established

29
Q

Furosemide (Lasix): Loop Diuretic

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity and cross-sensitivity c thiazides; Anuria, severe electrolyte imbalance. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Hospitalization is recommended for initiation of treatment in pts c hepatic, cirrhosis, ascites; Use in premature neonates can ^ risk of persistent PDA and renal calculi; Use c caution c renal impariemtn, DM; Safety during pregnancy and lactation not established; Older adults are at risk for enhanced effects

30
Q

Gabapentin (Neurontin): Antiepileptic Drug; Analgesic Adjunct, Mood stabilizer

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity; Use cautiously in all pts- may ^ risk of suicidal ideations; Renal insufficiency; Safe use during pregnancy and in children is not established; D/C breast-feeding or move to bottle

31
Q

Heparin (Generic): Anticoagulant: High-Molecular-Weight Heparin; Antithrombotic

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity; Severe thrombocytopenia, any uncontrolled bleeding. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Use can produce hemorrhage from any site in the body; Not intended for IM use

32
Q

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, Motrin IB): Antiinflammatory: Analgesic, Antipyretic, NSADI

Rx/OTC; Preg Cat C/D

A

Hypersensitivity, aspirin/other anti-inflammatory agent hypersensitivity; Active GI bleeding or ulcer disease, treatment of preoperative pain for CABG surgery. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Use can ^ risk of GI bleeding, ulcers, perforation; Use c caution c renal impairment or in pts taking nephrotoxic drugs; Avoid use after 30 wks’ gestation to prevent premature closure of ductus

33
Q

Ipratropium (Atrovent): Anticholinergics: Bronchodilators

Rx; Preg Cat B, C (combination products)

A

Hypersensitivity to drug, atropine, soya lecithin, soybean, peanuts. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS:Not indicated for acute bronchospasm requiring rapid therapeutic response; Use c caution in pts c bladder neck obstruction, narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy, and in breast-feeding mothers

34
Q

Levothyroxine (Synthroid): Thyroid Replacement Hormone

Rx; Preg Cat A

A

Hypersensitivity to chemicals present in dosage formulation; Thyrotoxicosis; Uncorrected adrenocortical deficiency; Acute MI. BBW: Not indicated for obesity because normal therapeutic doses are ineffective; use as sole agent/in combination c an anorexiant adrenergic can produce serious toxicity, which can be life threatening. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Drug has a low therapeutic safety margin; Use in females can decrease bone density; Use extreme caution c CV disease; Use in children can cause rare pseudo motor cerebra and femoral epiphysis formation; Use c caution in breast-feeding mothers

35
Q

Loratadine (Alavert, Claritin, etc.): Histamine-1 Antagonists; Histamine-1 Blockers

Rx/OTC; Preg Cat B (loratadine)

A

Hypersensitivity; Use cautiously in pts c liver impairment or a CrCl

36
Q

Metformin (Glucophage, Fortamet, Glucphage XR, Glumetza): Oral Hypoglycemic: Biguanide

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity; Metabolic acidosis; Dehydration; Renal or liver impairment; Radiologic studies using iodinated contrast diagnostics; CHF requiring treatment; Sepsis; Hypoxemia. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Metformin accumulation can result in lactic acidosis, and is fatal in approx. 50% of cases; Safe use in pregnancy, lactation, and in children

37
Q

Methadone (Methadose, Dolophine): Opioid Analgesic

Rx Ciii; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity; Known alcohol intolerance; Concurrent therapy c MAO-I; Use cautiously in pts c concomitant diuretic use, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, structural heart disease, hx of syncope or arrhythmias; Concurrent use of drugs that prolong Q-T interval or are CYP3A4 inhibitors; Head injury, ^ ICP, severe renal, liver, or lung disease, hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, undiagnosed abdominal pain, BPH, or ureteral stricture; Use along c dependency control during pregnancy and lactation (appears in breast milk); Older adults: dosage reduction recommended; Weigh risk vs potential for illicit use

38
Q

Metoprolol Tartrate (Lopressor, Toprol XL): Antihypertensive: B-Adrenergic Blocker

A

Hypersensitivity; Cardiogenic shock, heart block > 1st degree, overt cardiac failure, sinus bradycardia. BBW: Abrupt D/C can exacerbate ischemic heart disease and mild cardiac infarction. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Use can result in possible cardiac failure c decrease myocardial contractility; Use c caution in presence of bronchospastic disease, DM, PVD; Tachycardia of hyperthyroidism can be masked, abrupt D/C may induce thyrotoxicosis; Use may mask symptoms of hypoglycaemia; Safety and efficacy in children not established

39
Q

Metronidazole (Flagyl, Flagyl ER, Metrocream, MetroGel, MetroGel-Vaginal, MetroLotion): Antiamebic: Antibacterial

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity; First trimester of pregnancy (trichomoniasis); Hypersensitivity to paragons (topical only). CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Avoid unnecessary use due to carcinogenic potential; Use can result in seizures, peripheral neuropathy; Use c caution c blood dyscrasias, hepatic dysfunction

40
Q

Morphine Sulfate (Generic): Opium Alkaloid

Rx Ciii; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity; Use c extreme caution in pts c head injuries. BBW: Use can produce dependence; abrupt D/C can result in withdrawal symptoms. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Use c caution in pts c head injuries, ^ ICP, impaired respiration

41
Q

Naproxen (Naprelan): Analgesics; NSAIDs

Rx; Preg Cat B (1st trimester)

A

Hypersensitivity; Concurrent use c other NSAIDs’ cross-sensitivity may occur; Active GI bleeding or hx of ulcer disease; Use cautiously in pts c severe cardiovascular, renal, or liver disease, chronic alcohol use/abuse; Avoid use during 3rd trimester of pregnancy; may cause premature closure of the ductus arterioles; Safe use in children

42
Q

Oxycodone (Oxy IR, Oxycontin, Roxicodone)/ Oxycodone-Acetaminophen (Percocet)

Rx Ciii; Preg Cat C (oxycodone alone)

A

Hypersensitivity; Pregnancy or lactation; Some products contain alcohol or bisulfites and should be avoided in pts c known intolerance or hypersensitivity; Use cautiously in pts c head trauma, ^ IOP; severe renal, liver, pulmonary disease; Use c caution in pts c hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, alcoholism, undiagnosed abdominal pain, prostatic hyperplasia

43
Q

Paroxetine HCL (paxil, Paxil CR)/ Paroxetine Mesylate (Pexeva): Antidepressant/Antianxiety; SSRI

Rx; Preg Cat D

A

Hypersensitivity; Concurrent use of MAO-I, pimozide, thioridazine. BBW: Use cautiously because of the risk of suicide during early treatment or dosage adjustment. Hx of bipolar disorder, seizures; Use during 1st trimester ^ risk of cardiac malformations; use during 3rd trimester may result in neonatal serotonin syndrome, requiring respiratory and nutritional support

44
Q

Penicillin V potassium (Veebids)/Penicillin G benzathine (Bicillin L-A, Permapen)/ Penicillin G procaine (Wycillin): Antibiotic: Natural Penicillins

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity to any penicillin. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Serious/fatal (anaphylaxis) allergic reactions have occurred even c PO dosage forms of penicillin; Possible cross-allergenicity c cephalosporins, other B-lactam antibiotics; Avoid use in newborns due to possible procaine toxicity and sterile abscesses; Severe infections should be treated c aqueous penicillin G

45
Q

Prednisone (Steraped)/ MethylPrednisolone (Solu-Medrol): Immunosuppressants: Systemic Corticosteroids

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Active untreated infections; Known alcohol, bisulfite, tartrazine hypersensitivity or intolerance; Administration of live virus vaccines; Use cautiously in pts c chronic therapy (may lead to adrenal suppression), hypothyroidism, cirrhosis; In children, use lowest possible dose for shortest period of time; May mask signs of potential infection

46
Q

Quetiapine (Seroquel): Antipsychotic: Neuroleptic

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Use can induce hypothyroidism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), seizure, orthostatic hypotension, tardive dyskinesia; Use >6 not evaluated; Safety and efficacy in children not established; Breast-feeding is not recommended; Use in pts c hepatic impairment may require decreased dosage; Use can induce NMS and possible cataracts/lens changes; Use in older adult pts c dementia-related psychoses has an ^ mortality rate

47
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal): Antipsychotic, Mood Stabilizer

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivityl; Hx of Q-T prolongation, recent MI, uncompensated heart failure. BBW: ^ Mortality in older adult pts c dementia-related psychosis. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Use produces a dose-related prolongation of Q-T interval and possible torsades de pointes occurrence (ziprasidone); Use can produce significant hypokalemia; Use can induce hyperprolactinemia, suicidal ideations; Use c caution in older adults c risk of aspiration pneumonia, breast-feeding mothers; Extended use can produce extra-pyramidal symptoms, tar dive dyskinesia, possible neuroleptic malignant syndrome; Use c caution in pts c seizure disorders/hx of seizures; Ziprasidone has a pro arrhythmic effect potential; Both drugs are approved for dementia-related psychosis

48
Q

Sitagliptin (Januvia): Antidiabetics: DPP-4 Inhibitors

Rx; Preg Cat B

A

Hypersensitivity; Type 1 DM, diabetic ketoacidosis. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Use c caution in combination therapy to reduce risk of hypoglycaemia; Use for decrease of macro vascular risk not established; High-fat meals will ^ saxagliptin availability; Use c caution in older adults and nursing mothers due to possible decreased renal function; Safety and efficacy in children not established

49
Q

Sertraline (Zoloft): Antidepressant; SSRI

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity; Concurrent MAO-I therapy; Concurrent pimozide therapy; Oral concentrate contains alcohol; avoid in pts c known intolerance

50
Q

Spironolactone (Aldactone): Diuretic: Aldosterone Antagonist, Potassium Sparing Diuretic

Rx; Preg Cat D

A

Hypersensitivity; Anuria, significatn renal insufficiency, hyperkalemia. BBW: Avoid unnecessary use due to possible tumorigenic activity. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Dietary/ dosage formulations of K+ supplementation are usually not required; Drug produces antiandrogenic effects in male/females

51
Q

Tramadol (Ultram, Ultram ER, Ryzolt): Centrally-Acting Nonopioid Analgesic

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity; Cross-sensitivity c opioids may occur; Pts c acute alcohol intoxication, those taking sedative-hypnotics, centrally acting analgesics, opioid analgesics, or psychotropic drugs; Pts physically dependent on opioid analgesics (may precipitate withdrawal); Safe use during pregnancy, lactation, and in children

52
Q

Trazodone (Generic): Antidepressant

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity; Urinary retention; Gastric retention; Uncontrolled closed-angle glaucoma; Use caution in pts c GI obstructive disorders, incl. pyloric stenosis (^ risk for gastric retention); significant bladder outflow obstruction, controlled closed-angle glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, significant liver or renal impairment; Safe use during pregnancy, lactation, and in children has not been established

53
Q

Venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor ER): Antidepressant; Selective Serotonin/ Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersensitivity; Concurrent MAO-I therapy; Use cautiously in pts c suicidal ideations, CV disease, hypertension, liver or renal impairment; Hx of seizures or neurologic impairment, mania, ^ IOP, or closed-angle glaucoma; Hx of drug abuse; ^ Risk of suicide in children and adolescents

54
Q

Verapamil (Calan, Calan SR, Covera HS, Isoptin SR, Varelan, Varelan PM, Generic): Antihypertensive: Calcium Channel Blocker

Rx; Preg Cat C

A

Hypersnsitivity; Cardiogenic shock, sick sinus syndrome (except for pts c artifical ventricular pacemaker), 2nd/3rd degree AV block (except pts c artificial pacemaker, atrial flutter/fibrilation, or an accessory bypass tract). CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Drug has a negative cardiac inotropic effect; Usec caution c liver/kidney impairment; Use c caution in pts c decreased neuromuscular transmission

55
Q

Warfarin Sodium (Coumadin): Coumarin Anticoagulant

Rx; Preg Cat X

A

Hypersensitivity; Subacute bacterial endocarditis; Any bleeding/potential bleeding condition; Pregnancy. BBW: Use can result in major/fatal hemorrhage. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS: Use may enhance release of atheromatous plaque emboli, ^ risk of systemic cholesterol microembolization, incl. “purple toe syndrome,” which indicates D/C of therapy; Use c caution in presence of known/suspected VC deficiency, severe/moderate hypertension, hepatic/renal impairment, trauma; Use in Asians may require lower doses, esp. c ^ pt age; Use can decrease risk of death due to recurrent MI and thromboembolic events post-MI. FOOD: Ingestion of green, leafy vegetables decreases therapeutic effects

Meds (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions