User perspective

Question 1

What to think about when designing to recover value (3 main options)

Answer 1

• Extend product life
  1. design for durability, repair and maintain
  2. design so products can be reused often, refurbished, remanufacturing or redistribute
• Recover material and parts (once a product is obsolete)
  3. design for reuse of parts and recycling

Question 2

What drivers are there for design for CE?

Answer 2

Technology, market and sales, user experience

Question 3

Users critical role

Answer 3

• longer life if user gives it to a new user
• expectations on product lifetime
• consumer acceptance of circular processes and businesses
• user attitude and barriers
• design for circular behaviour

Question 4

Challenges for users

Answer 4

• more time and effort
• less convenient -> less preferable -> thrown or stored away
• if products not circulated
• —> need to fit consumers everyday life

Question 5

What is a peoples cycle

Answer 5

obtainment > use > riddance (circle back to obtainment for circular life, or circle around use)

Question 6

Design for Use to use (4 things)

Answer 6

• design for extended use
• design for pre- and post-use
• design for exchange
• design for multiple cycles

Question 7

Challenges and opportunities for extended use:

Answer 7

Challenges:
- wear and tear
- lower product utility
- time consuming makes less attractive
- tech shifts (updates and might not be able to use any more) and new user needs
Opportunity:
- design reliable, physically durable and aesthetically pleasing over time -> can be repaired, maintained and upgraded
- increased emotionally durability of product so people will care for them and want them longer
-> sustain need fulfilment

Question 8

Design for pre- and post-use

Answer 8

Challenge:
- ppl find it less relevant to circulate product that have low utility, are unattractive and don’t satisfy need
- need to handle pre-used products instead of new
- circulate don’t store
Opportunity
- more info and reflection
- get ppl attached to services (just like for a product)

Question 9

Design for exchange

Answer 9

Challenge:
- need new activities and decisions (delivery, value) when exchange process
- need a relation and understanding of 2 users and not only one
Opportunity:
- address practicalities of exchange (dis- and assembly, testing, transport)

Question 10

Design for multiple use-cycles

Answer 10

Challenge:
- increased users - > different expectations, preconditions and needs
- need fullfillment and satisfaction needed for many user experiences
- to not shorten use cycle/handle shortened use cycles
- user underestimation of product bc many past users
Opportunity:
- design flexible and high quality

Question 11

Why is increasing circularity crucial?

Answer 11

• saves planet and your business
• organisations that continue to rely on linear and resource-intensive business logistics risk being out rivalled when competition for resources become even fiercer
• consumers incentives to save resources increase