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Circular Economy > Production Engineering > Flashcards

Production Engineering Flashcards

1
Q

Why is additive production good?

A

(3D printer)

—> save time, material, money, taste and transport

  • Distribute localised products
  • Process control and quality
  • efficiency and waste minimization
  • Spare part production
  • change for consumer
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2
Q

What is remanufacturing?

A
  • the process of rebuilding a product, during which, the product is cleaned, inspected and disassembled; defective components are replaced; and the product is reassembled, tested and inspected again to ensure it meets or exceeds newly manufactured product standars
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3
Q

What is the core for remanufacturing?

A

Used/broken down products (or components) aimed for reman.

core -> steps -> reman. prod.

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4
Q

What are the steps in remanufacturing?

A

Inspect > Clean > Disassemble > Store > Reprocess > Reassemble > Testing
- order can vary depending on product/manufacturor

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5
Q

Describe step “Inspection” in remanufacturing:

A
  • Identify the malfunction/errors

- base the inspection from a failure report

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6
Q

Describe step “Clean” in remanufacturing:

A
  • Choice of cleaning technology
  • which cleaning liquid does the product withstand?
  • Various products have various cleaning difficulties: type of product and user behaviour
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7
Q

Describe step “Disassembly” in remanufacturing:

A
  • Valuable parts/components are put in storage
  • Broken parts/components are sent to material recycling or EOL treatment
  • Use of special tools
  • Disassembly instructions
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8
Q

Describe step “Storage” in remanufacturing:

A
  • products/parts/components stored until reassembly
  • registration in storage database
  • Storage costs money
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9
Q

Describe step “Reprocess” in remanufacturing:

A
  • Cutting and grinding of metal
  • refill with new material
    (when necessary)
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10
Q

Describe step “Reassembly” in remanufacturing:

A
  • choice of fasteners
  • condition of parts and components
  • upgrading product parts
  • upgrading software
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11
Q

Describe step “Final test” in remanufacturing:

A
  • function
  • safety
  • Quality
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12
Q

What are the drivers for remanufacturing?

A

Profit

  • cost reductions
  • costumer demands
  • new product sales, eg product service systems

Environment:

  • Legislations, follows for less waste and min material use
  • Moral and ethical

Policy

  • protecting the aftermarket
  • protecting brand
  • providing additional aftermarket solutions
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13
Q

What does PSS mean?

A

PSS means change in material flow

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14
Q

How can PSS be helpful for remanufacturability?

A

Traditional mindset: supplier -> customer/user ->

Traditional + new (PSS) mindset: supplier customer/user ->

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15
Q

PSS as a driver for reman.?

A
  • Reduce the uncertainty of when and how many cores that arrive to remanufacture
  • give possibilities of condition monitoring that can provide useful data for reman.
  • Facilitate OEM remanufacturing with much product data and knowledge from reman + good feedback loop to producer
  • PSS and full core knowledge is an approach to overcome tough remanufacturing challenges.
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16
Q

In what ways are reman. good for the env.?

A
  • Less operational steps in production chain (can eliminate material extraction, mat. manufacturing and component manufacture, to only do product manufacturing)
  • More studied product with leasing and sytem services
17
Q

Why remanufacture for the env.?

A
  • calculations show that reman. is a preferred option in comparison with new manufacturing
  • alleviation of depletion of resources
  • reduction of global warming potential
  • chances to close the loop for safer handling of toxic material
18
Q

What does the European Remanufacturing Network (ERN) do?

A
  • encourages business to take up remanufacturing
  • help existing remanufacturers to improve their operation
  • improve competitiveness of reman. domestically and internationally
19
Q

What does the customer get for values of reman.?

A
  • price worthy options in comparison to new products, because of price reductions 10-90%
20
Q

What are the economical challenges with remanufacturing?

A
  • staying competitive/profitable
  • core access/management
  • lack of customer awareness
  • product design issues
  • process efficiency issues
21
Q

What are key resources for remanufacturing?

A
  • technical staff
  • access to cores
  • facilities, machinery and equipment
22
Q

What env. benefits for a company is there for remanufacturing?

A
  • reduced material consumption
  • reduced CO2 emissions
  • reduced energy consumption
23
Q

What social benefits for a company is there for remanufacturing?

A
  • job creation
  • more access, higher access to products
  • events and charity
24
Q

What should the business model for reman. describe?

A
  • value chain
  • reman process
  • sutomer value
  • economic benefit
  • ecenomical challenges
  • key resources
25
Q

What is ecodesign?

A

Optimization of life use/end-of-life

26
Q

What is there to do for optimization of EOL?

A
  • Reuse/remanufacturing of products
  • Reuse/remanufacturing of components - ease through disassembly
  • Recycling of material
  • safe incineration
27
Q

Describe what to do for “Reuse/remanufacturing of products” for optimization of EOL in ecodesign.

A
  • a classic design makes the product more attractive for the next user
  • a good technical design makes the product not grow old in advance
28
Q

Describe what to do for “Reuse/remanufacturing of components” for optimization of EOL in ecodesign.

A

Make disassembly easier through:

  • modularization
  • use few fastenings
  • use fastenings that are possible to disassemble, eg screws
  • standardize screw types
  • plan the product so disassembly can be made from one direction (one worker)
29
Q

Describe what to do for “Recyscling of material” for optimization of EOL in ecodesign.

A
  • Ease disassembly
  • use material that have a recycling market
  • use few materials
  • avoid hazardous materials that complicate recycling
  • try to achieve recycling made by machines
  • label materials in the product according to standards
  • do not combine materials that contaminate each other in recycling
  • avoid stickers on plastics
30
Q

Describe what to do for “Safe incineration” for optimization of EOL in ecodesign.

A
  • label the product if it contains hazardous materials

- put hazardous materials together so one disassemble in prior to incineration

31
Q

What can be done in production for design for life-time extension?

A
  • tech development - product upgrade so product doesn’t become dated/obsolate
  • avoid/change components being outdated - some faster that others
  • products that are easy to repair and maintain have generally longer tech life-time
32
Q

Guidelines for joining methods:

A
  • use joining methods that facilitate a non-destructive disassembly
  • use joining methods that facilitate disassemby with few tools, preferably standard tools
  • make joints in the same materials as the ones that are assembled, integrate joints in component if they are of the same material
  • minimize nr of joints and place them where they are easy to access

Circular Economy (9 decks)

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