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Circular Economy > Product development > Flashcards

Product development Flashcards

1
Q

General trends in technology evolution:

A
  • physically smaller components fulfilling soma function
  • same function less resources
  • decrease in number of components, same function
  • components becoming integrated
  • more machines electro-mechanical
  • more content of electronics and software
  • electronics more integrated, embedded
  • increased automation in products
  • overall products become more complex
  • multi-tech content
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2
Q

What overall steps are there in product realisation?

A

From need - requirements, development, manufacturing - finished product

Product development + production = product realisation

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3
Q

What mindset and attitude needed for PD?

A
  • requires an explorative mindset
  • need structure, right methods and tools
  • need curiosity, courage, persistence, cope with uncertainty
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4
Q

How to be able to synthesise (compose/generate) and evaluate sustainable production concepts?

A
  • Formulate strategies towards increased resource-efficiency and circulation based on relevant theories, methods and tools
  • Assess strategies towards increased resource efficiency
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5
Q

Where is there a need for appropriation in the design process/where can be done?

A
  • processes (activities and their scheduling)
  • methods (approaches for doing certain activities)
  • methodology (a system of process and methods)
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6
Q

What different product dev. processes can be used:

A
  • models that emphasise activities timing and duration, incl parallel activities
  • models that emphasis the importance of the concept development phases, which set the potential for the final product
  • models that emphasise itirations (to tackle open tasks)
  • multi-disciplinary work and parallel activities
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7
Q

What different design methodologies are there?

A
  • work proceeds from abstract to concrete
  • continual focus on requirements and functions
  • consideration of alternative solutions in sets
  • decision-making based on evaluation against a wide range of criteria
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8
Q

Which are the 5 steps in methodology for concept development?

A

Formulate problem
Establish requirements
Identify functions
Generate solution proposals and synthesise concepts
Evaluate with respect to the requirements specification

  • iteration (upprepning)
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9
Q

Describe Problem formulation in PD (concept development)

A
  • depart from task statement
  • does not state solution
  • consider for problem:
  • where and when problem relevant
  • How it happens
  • what are the challenges
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10
Q

Describe Requirements and requirements specifications for PD (concept development)

A
  • requirements express: target, purpose, needs, constraints, properties, requirements and desires
  • role: direction, norm, specifications, knowledge, function
  • Stakeholders: under requirements, legalities, internal req.
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11
Q

Describe functional analysis (concept development)

A
  • expresses what a system does (or should do), without stating the solution
  • identify functions: define, decompose, express functions, alternative system boundaries
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12
Q

Describe Idea generation and concept synthesis (concept development)

A
  • use formulated functions to start idea generation
  • propose many idea solutions
  • express ideas in text and sketch
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13
Q

What can support creativity?

A
  • search in literature
  • look at competitors
  • look at similar existing products
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14
Q

Describe Evaluation and the decision making (concept development)

A
  • gradually source out inferior concepts
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15
Q

Design principles for opportunities (7 st):

A
  1. Mudilarization (opportunity for servitization, uppgrade, reuse, remanufacture)
  2. Function-sharing (opportunities for reducing numer of components)
  3. Light-weight design (saving material and energy consumption, optimization)
  4. Material selection (transmaterialization and dematerialization)
  5. Servitization (enable co-consumption, reduction in materials with service)
  6. System considerations (expansion of system boundary, for finding more resource efficient solution)
  7. Design for longlivety (avoiding resources being lost too early)
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16
Q

Explain Modularity (Design principle)

A
  • integrated architecture
  • complex interactions but allows for global optimization
  • different functions to different modules
  • opportunity for serviceability, upgrading, reuse, remanufacturor
17
Q

Describe function charing (Design principle)

A
  • simultaineous implementation of several functions by a single element
  • reduced material quantity and reduced land surface exploitation
18
Q

Describe Light-weight design (Design principle)

A
  • reduction of a products weight is a strategy for directly reducing its resource consumption

+ reduced material quantity and energy efficiency
- often difficult to recycle and dep on tech can be a health hazard

19
Q

Describe Material selection (Design principle)

A
  • transmaterialization, dematerialization, elimination of certain content

+ change material consumption and reduce material quantity
- might have hidden increase of energy consumption

20
Q

Describe Servitization (Design principle)

A
  • enabler for co-consumption, reduction of material and chemicals
  • Service and good integrated so costumers pay for the function or effect rather than the good, the use of product rather than the ownership

+ efficient use of product by sharing, effective use and remanufacturability leading to extended use
- possible trade-off on technical lifetime

21
Q

Describe System consideration (Design principle)

A
  • expand system boundaries to be able to find more resource efficient solutions

+ might reduce energy or material quantity, and use more efficiently
- difficult to utilize full potential

22
Q

Describe Design for longevity (Design principle)

A
  • optimal service life
  • design for maintenance, upgrading, reuse and possible remanufacturing and clearly inform costumers
  • select materials that can last

Circular Economy (9 decks)

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