Use of guidance and feedback

Question 1

types of guidance

types of guidance

Answer 1

1. verbal
2. visual
3. manual
4. mechanical

Question 2

what is guidance

types of guidance

Answer 2

• guidance is infomation given to a learner to help limit mistakes
• thus ensuring movement patterns are cariied out more effectively
• usally given to beginners but used continously throughout the stages of learning

Question 3

visual guidance

types of guidance

Answer 3

• used in all phases of learning but particulary useful in the early stages of learning (cognitve)
• tend to learn through imitation therefore visual guidance is key in the early phases of learning
• learners should be given guidance regarding the important cues to focus on
• demonstrations provide excelent means of transmitting infomation, it is essential for the demonstration to accuratly focus on the important aspects of the skill
• demonstrations should be appropriate and not too complicated example - how to shoot a netball
• enables the learner to form a mental image of the skill

Question 4

example of visual guidance

types of guidance

Answer 4

• visual aids such as wall charts, pictures, diagrams and models are other forms of visual guidance
• highlights the technical points of the skill
• these displays quickly lose their impact so have limited use - dont see whole display
• sometimes given by modifying the display in the learning environemtn
• tennis coach may mark a particular area for the performer to im for when practising the forehand
• reduced infomation overload
• some psorts use brightly coloured equipment to help focus the learners attention

Question 5

negatives of visual guidance

types of guidance

Answer 5

• often used in conjuction with visual guidance to direct the learner to important cues
• demonstartions must be accurate
• more complex skills have more infomation for learners to take in
• the teacher must ensure the learner has undertsood and can remeber what has been said
• static visual aids may not give a lot on infomation about guidance

Question 6

verbal guidance

types of guidance

Answer 6

• often used in conjunction with visual guidance to direct the learner to important cues
• should be clear and concise
• more effective in the autonomous phase when infomation may be more technical
• teacher must ensure the learner has understood and can remeber what has to be
• they mist also ensure the performer can take that infomation and apply it to the movement skill

Question 7

negatives of verbal guidance

types of guidance

Answer 7

• some complex skills are diffucult to describe therefore learners may become bored
• the amount of infomation needs to be limited to ensure infomations overload does not occur
• the teacher/coach has to get the releavant infomation across to the learner who must apply this to the skill being learned

Question 8

manual/mechanical guidance

types of guidance

Answer 8

• both are very useful in the early stages of learning as they allow the learner to gain a kinestic sense of movement
• useful for giving confidence and ensuring the safety of the learner partially when there is an element of danger to the skill
• important that this form of guidance is removed quickly so the learner does not become dependant

Question 9

mechanical guidance

types of guidance

Answer 9

• involbes the use equipment to help support the learner and shape the skill
• EXAMPLE - using a float in swimming or a harness in gymnastics

Question 10

manual guidance

types of guidance

Answer 10

• involbeds a coach holding and physically manipulating the body of the learner through the correct movement patterens
• EXAMPLE - a coach guiding a gymnast on a vault

Question 11

negatives of manual/mechnical guidance

types of guidance

Answer 11

• the movement skill will feel different eith this type of guidance when compated to the actual skill
• therefore the learner should not become to accustomed to this
• minited value to expirenced learner
• designed to elimate errors therefore the learner misses an opportunity to experience and correct errors
• difficult to do with large groups

Question 12

feedback

types of feedback

Answer 12

• infomation recieved to amend performance and make improvements

Question 13

types of feedback

types of feedback

Answer 13

• postive
• negative
• intrinsic
• extrinsic
• knowledge of result
• knowledge of performance

Question 14

postive feedback

types of feedback

Answer 14

• involves infomation about what was good about the performance
• offers motivation to maintain effort
• often combined with preaise to give that extra feel good factor

Question 15

negative feedback

types of feedback

Answer 15

• provides the performer with infomation about what they are doing wrong
• helps elimate errors and can correct habits
• more expirenced players can appreicate negative feedback as it provides clarity what needs to be improved
• error correction

Question 16

extrinsic feedback

types of feedback

Answer 16

• derived from an outside source
• performers gain a view on what is working well and what needs to improve
• advice on the types of practice and methods may be given

Question 17

intrinsic feedback

types of feedback

Answer 17

• as a performer gains expirence they are able to provide feedback from within
• the performer may have developed a feel of the skill (kinaethic) and can use this internal feel to know how well they have done

Question 18

knowledge of result

types of feedback

Answer 18

• feedback which gives an intial outcome of the attempted skill
• was the skill successful or not
• successful outcome needs to be maintained while unsuccessful oucome should be eliminate

Question 19

knowledge of performance

types of feedback

Answer 19

• a more detailed analysis of the performance
• gives reason as to why the skill was performed well or not
• enables us to understand how that skill can be performed better in the future
• EXAMPLE - a miss timed cricket shot may go for 4 runs but the technical aspetcs of the shot didnt feel right, reply the shot

Question 20

cognitive

stages of learning and types of feedback

Answer 20

• encourgament and external advice
• little/no prior knowledge of the skill so advice is required
• postive encouragment would motivate performer to continue to learn the task

Question 21

associative

stages of learning and types of feedback

Answer 21

• external infomation used to refine movements
• performer will be able to begin to use intrinsic feedback to correct performance

Question 22

autonomous

stages of learning and types of feedback

Answer 22

• detailed feedback required on how to control performance
• use their existing knowledge to make internal adjustments
• can benifit from error correction - negative feedback