USE OF FORCE LVL 2 Flashcards
6 COMPONENTS OF HANDCUFFING
THIS IS OPEN RESPONSE & VERBATIM
- Immobilize
- Control
- Handcuff»_space; DOUBLE LOCK
- Search
- Monitor
- Transport
SIRF (Graham Factors)
THIS IS OPEN RESPONSE & VERBATIM
S - Severity of the crime at issue
I - Whether the suspect poses an Immediate
threat to the safety of officers or others
R - Whether the suspect is actively Resisting
arrest
F - Attempting to evade by Flight
CONTROL SUPERIORITY PRINCIPLE
THIS IS OPEN RESPONSE & VERBATIM
A recognized officer advantage, over a
recognized subject disadvantage
Totality Triangle
Bottom left
Top
Bottom Right
bottom left - perceived subject actions
top - perceived circumstances
bottom right - reasonable officer response
De-escalation is a ______ and _______.
tactic and outcome
Force
The amount of physical effort, however slight, required by police to compel compliance by an unwilling individual
Is force a seizure under the 4th Amendment?
Yes
The use of any force must be reasonable ________ force is applied
At the time
When can/should you use force?
Lawful arrest or detention of a person
Prevent the escape from custody
Prevent imminent harm and the amount of force used is proportionate to the threat of imminent harm
Defend against an individual who initiates force against an officer
Fleeing Felon
— Suspect poses threat of serious physical
harm to the officer or others; or
— Suspect has committed a crime involving the
infliction or threatened infliction of serious
physical harm; and
— Deadly force is necessary to prevent escape;
and
— Where feasible, some warning should be
given
COMMONWEALTH VS. ADAMS
- Duty to intervene
- say something
- stop things that are out of line
Objective reasonableness
officers actions objectively reasonable in light of the facts and
circumstances confronting them without regard to their underlying intent or motivation
officers are often forced to make split second judgements in circumstances that are _____, _______, and _________
tense, uncertain and rapidly evolving
What shall an officer not do to any individuals?
A Law enforcement officer shall not obstruct the
airway or limit the breathing of any individual,
nor shall a law enforcement officer restrict
oxygen or blood flow to an individual’s head or
neck.
officer’s body on or around a person’s neck in a manner that limits the person’s breathing or blood flow with the _____ of or with the ____ of causing bodily injury, unconsciousness, or death.
intent and result
True or False?
Officers shall not discharge any firearm into or at a moving motor vehicle unless, based on the totality of circumstances, including the risk of safety to other persons in the area.
True
True or False?
A law enforcement present and observing another officer using or attempting to use physical force, including deadly force, beyond which is necessary or objectively reasonable based on the totality of the circumstances, SHALL intervene to prevent the observed officers use of unnecessary or unreasonable force, regardless of the rank of the officer
True
GREEN STRIKING AREA
- primary or first striking areas
- trauma is minimal
- injury is temporary rather than permanent
- non-lethal not likely or intended to cause
serious bodily harm and/or death
(shoulder blades, point of shoulder, upper
arm, forearm, inside of wrist, back of hand,
lower abdomen, shin, instep, achilles tendon,
buttocks, thigh, calf)
YELLOW STRIKING AREA
- secondary striking areas
- when green area proves ineffective or not
available - when threat perceived by officer is higher
than the amount of force justified - trauma is moderate; may cause more
significant injury - must have additional justification than does
a strike to a green area
(Collarbone, elbow, knee joint, upper
abdomen, rib cage, groin)
RED STRIKING AREA
- final striking area
- when lethal force is justified
- other areas fail or the threat has increased
to a higher level - highest level; will generally cause significant
injury; may include loss of consciousness,
shock and/or death - considered lethal
(Temple, eyes, ears, bridge of nose, upper lip,
jaw, throat, hallow behind ear, back of neck,
solar plexus, spine, tail bone, kidney)
PEPPER SPRAY
- Compliance technique
- An inflammatory agent
- Three areas of the body are affected 1.
Eyes 2. Skin 3. Respiratory System - Spray directly onto face; Short bursts of
spray; at least 6-12 feet away
