First Responder State Exam Flashcards by John Nguyen

What should First Responders consider?

All patients may be infected with some disease

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First responder most important consideration is

Ensure own safety

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What are the 4 means of transmission?

Direct Contact
Indirect Contact
Airborne
Vectorborne

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T/F

You have a duty to act as a Police Officer

True

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An attempted resuscitation in the event of a cardiac arrest

DNR

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Open Response

APVU

Alert
Pain
Verbal
Unresponsive

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What are the three patient assestment?

Primary Assesement (Life Threatening)
Secondary Assestment (Not Life Threatening
Reassestment

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How do you determine if a patient is conscious?

If they answer questions accurately and appropriately

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What are the three types of consent

Expressed Consent
Informed Consent
Implied Consent

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The patient lets you know verbally or nonverbally that he or she is willing to accept treatmentp

Expressed Consent

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The patient understands who you are, what you want to do and what has happened and allows you to treat them

Informed Consent

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The patient does not specifically refuse emergency care

Implied consent

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Open Response

CAB

Circulation
Breathing
Airway

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How must you document?

Be clear, concise and accurate

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You must treat the patient to the best of your ability
pass patient on to someone with same or higher level of training

Standard of Care

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What are the two blocked airway maneuvers?

Head tilt chin lift maneuver
Jaw thrust maneuver

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Signs of adequate breathing

you must look, listen and feel

noisy respirations, wheezing, or gurgling
rapid or gasping respirations

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What is the patient assessment sequence

Perform a scene size up
Peform a primary assessment
Obtain the patient’s medical history
Perform a secondary assessment
Perform a reassessment

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a general overview of the incident and its surrounding

scene size up

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two types of pulses

Carotid and Radial

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something about the patient you can see or feel for yourself

sign

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something the patient tells you about his or her condition

symptom

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SAMPLE

Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Pertinent past medical history
Last oral intake
Events leading up to the injury or illness

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What is the normal adult resting respiratory rate?

60 - 100 beats per minute

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How often must you reassess a stable patient?

Every 15 minutes and if the patient is unstable repeat the reassessment every 5 minutes

What does the recovery position prevents?

prevents secretions from entering the trachea

caused by sudden episodes of uncontrolled electrical imulses in the brain Genralized seizures Febrile Seizures

seizure

chest pain caused by an inadequate flow of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. | In other words, warning sign

Angina Pectoris

results when one or more of the coronary arteries is completely blocked

Heart Attack

complete stop of heartbeat

Cardiac Arrest

caused by failure of the heart to pump adequately Symptoms: Breathing difficulty rapid, shallow breathing moist or gurgling respirations profuse sweating enlarged neck veins swollen ankles anxiety

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

____ are caused by a blood clot that blocks blood supply to a part of the brain Symptoms dizziness patient may be alert, confused, unresponsive, or unable to speak confusion facial droop

stroke

# Open Response FAST ED (Stroke)

Facial Droop Arm Drift Speech Time Eye Deviation Denial / Neglect

caused by the body's inability to process and use glucose

Diabetes

occurs if the body has enough insulin but not enough blood glucose rapid onset of symptoms within minutes

Insulin shock

very rapid onset hives, a rapid, low blood pressure and loss of consciousness

anaphylatic shock

anaphylaxis shock

life threatening allergic reaction that affects the whole body

occurs when a person is exposed to temperatures greater than 80 degrees F

heat exhaustion

involuntary spasms of the muscles

heat cramp

occurs when the body is subject to more heat than it can handle.

heat stroke ## Footnote internal temperature as high as 106 degrees F

occurs when a persons body temperature drops to less than 95 degrees F stops shivering once you get this

hypothermia

normal respiration rate

12-20 bpm

How many degrees of burns are there?

3rd degree 2nd degree 1st degree

reddened and painful skin minor to moderate pain

Superficial burns (1st degree)

blistering moderate to severe pain

(2nd degree)

damage all layers of the skin

Full thickness burns (3rd degree)

What are burns classified as?

depth

What are the two pressure points?

Brachical Artery Femoral Artery

protect citizens from liability when rendering care in good faith

Good Samaritan Law

two most used maneuvers for rescue breathing (with a neck injury and no neck injury)

Head tilt, chin lift maneuver Jaw-Thrust maneuver

Rapid onset

Anaphylactic Shock

Medication that reverses severe effects of allergic reaction

Epinephrine (EPIPEN)

(Shock) life threatening allergic reaction can result in cardiac arrest

Anaphylaxis shock

S.A.M.P.L.E (Open Response)

Signs & Symptoms Allergies Medications Pertinent past medical history Last oral intake Events leading up to injury/illness

Burns is classified by

Depth

Mechanism of injury

Direct force Indirect force Twisting force

When dealing with Injuries to the head what must you suspect?

head, neck and spinal injury

What is the primary goal of the recovery position?

Open the airway and prevent secretions in the trachea

primary assessment

Life Threatening

secondary assessment

None life Threatening

Who is defined as the first medical trained personnel arriving at the scene?

first responder ## Footnote First responders are often the first to provide aid in emergencies.

who’s safety is priority?

officer’s safety followed by victim and suspect’s

what is the purpose of the head tilt chin lift and jaw thrust maneuver

to open the airway and ensure clear path for breathing

damage all layers of the skin

Full thickness burns (3rd degree)

blistering moderate to severe pain

(2nd degree)

reddened and painful skin minor to moderate pain

Superficial burns (1st degree)

What is the purpose of the Recovery Position?

Prevents secretions from entering the trachea (keeps airway open) ## Footnote The Recovery Position is crucial for maintaining an open airway in unconscious patients.

What are Occlusive Dressing used for?

An occlusive dressing is used to seal wounds and prevent air from entering.

What is the Shock Position?

Lay the patient flat on back on a horizontal surface, legs raised above the heart ## Footnote The Shock Position is used to help improve blood flow to vital organs.

What is the purpose of the Jaw Thrust?

Correct the blocked airway, allow breathing; Used if a head/neck/spine injury is suspected

Ways in which a First Responder prevents stress is all EXCEPT…

Frequent Exposure to stress causing events

If you pull someone over and suspect alcohol intoxication, what else should you consider?

Diabetes- Insulin Shock- slurred speech, fruity breath, etc.

How are burns classified?

Depth

What should you do with an abdominal injury that has an object protruding?

Do NOT remove the object, keep in place DO NOT PUT INTESTINES BACK IN THE STOMACH

When a victim suffers a head trauma, what else should we be concerned with?

Head, neck, and spine injuries

In order to control bleeding from an extremity, what can you do?

Use direct pressure, Tourniquet, or pressure points

partial amputation a chunk of flesh scooped off the body

Avulsion

Amputation

total removal of a limb

a stab or bullet hole, a pointed object directly into the body

Puncture

a cut, a long narrow wound

Laceration

The two pressure points

Brachical Artery (Arm arteries) Femoral Artery (Leg arteries) Push in and up

4 Emotional Griefs

Emotional Shock Denial Anger Remorse/Grief

direct pressure

Applying steady, firm pressure directly over wound

If someone falls you should suspect...

fracture