USE OF FORCE LVL 2

Question 1

de- escalation both is a ___ and an ____

Answer 1

tactic and outcome

Question 2

What is SIRF? (Graham Factors)

Answer 2

Severity of a crime
Immediate Threat
Resisting Arrest
Flight

Question 3

The proportionate response is based off of the _______________

Answer 3

totality of the circumstances

Question 4

The Hill Factors ( there’s 3 of them what are they?)

Answer 4

Was person experiencing medical emergency?

Was degree of force necessary to prevent immediate harm and use of force is proportionate?
(Was force necessary to prevent harm)

Was force used proportionate ? aka was it excessive?
(Was force reasonable and proportionate)

Question 5

Officer’s use of force must be ____ ____ in light of the facts and circumstances confronting them at the time

Answer 5

objectively reasonable

Question 6

In no event may a law enforcement officer intentionally _, _, or _ on an individual _ or _

Answer 6

sit, kneel, or stand on an individual neck or head.

Question 7

You cannot train it or use it, what is it?

Answer 7

chokehold

Question 8

Tennessee v Garner

Officers must also remember that any use of force must be reasonable ____________ force is applied

Answer 8

AT THE TIME

Question 9

What are the 6 components of handcuffing?

Answer 9

Immobilize
Control
Handcuff double lock if feasible
Search
Monitor
Transport

Question 10

When Can/Should an Officer Use
Force?

A law enforcement officer shall not use force upon another person unless de-escalation tactics have been attempted and failed or are not feasible based on the totality of the circumstance and such force is necessary and proportionate to:

Answer 10

Lawful arrest or detention
Prevent escape from custody
Prevent imminent harm and use of force is proportionate
Defend against an individual initiating force against an officer

Question 11

What is the control superiority?

Answer 11

a recognized officer advantage over a recognized suspect disadvantage

Question 12

COMM VS ADAMS

What must you do if you witness excessive use of force is being conducted?

Answer 12

you shall intervene

Question 13

Tennessee vs Garner
Fleeing Felon Case

when are the three times you you can use deadly force

Answer 13

— Suspect poses threat of serious physical
harm to the officer or others; or
— PC the suspect has committed a crime involving the
infliction or threatened infliction of serious
physical harm; and
— Deadly force is necessary to prevent escape;
and
— Where feasible some warning should be
given

Question 14

Firearm and MV

Answer 14

Shall not discharge any firearm into or at a moving motor vehicle

Question 15

What are the exceptions to Firearms and MV?

Answer 15

— A person in the vehicle is threatening the
officer or another person with deadly force by
means other than the vehicle; or the vehicle is
operated in a manner deliberately intended to
strike an officer or another person
— Officers have not intentionally positioned
themselves in such a way as to create a
likelihood of being struck by an occupied vehicle
(surrounding a vehicle at close proximity while
dismounted)
- The officer is not firing strictly to disable the
vehicle
- The circumstances provide a high probability of
stopping or striking the intended target

Question 16

“officers are often forced to make split-second judgments- in circumstances that are ____, ____, ______ ______”

Answer 16

tense, uncertain and rapidly evolving

Question 17

Force
as defined by 555 CMR 6.03

Answer 17

“the amount of physical effort, however slight, required by police to compel compliance by an unwilling individual”

*Physically escorting or handcuffing an individual with minimal or no resistance does not constitute a use of force.
555 CMR 6.04.

Question 18

What differentiates a strike from a distraction technique?

Answer 18

intent and intensity

Question 19

what rule applies to tasers?

Answer 19

Rule 304B

Question 20

True or False

Tasers are considered as firearms

Answer 20

True

Question 21

the use of force must be ____ and _____

Answer 21

necessary and proportionate

Question 22

the use of lateral vascular neck restraint, carotid restraint or other action that involves the placement of any part of a law enforcement officer’s body on or around a person’s neck in a manner that limits the person’s breathing or blood flow with the ____ of or with the _ of causing bodily injury,unconsciousness or death

Answer 22

intent , result

Question 23

When can/should an officers use force??

Answer 23

Unless de-escalation tactics have been attempted and failed and are not feasible based on the totality of the circumstances force is necessary and proportionate.

Question 24

Totality Triangle

Answer 24

Top - Perceived Circumstances
Bottom left - Perceived Subject Action
Bottom right - Reasonable Officer Response

Question 25

What is a Green Striking Area

Answer 25

primary or first striking areas - trauma is minimal - injury is temporary rather than permanent - non-lethal not likely or intended to cause serious bodily harm and/or death

Question 26

What are examples of green striking areas?

Answer 26

Shoulder forearms Lower abdomen Thighs Buttocks Achilles tendon Shoulder blade upper arm Shin Back of the hand inside of wrist

Question 27

What is the yellow striking area?

Answer 27

secondary striking areas - when green area proves ineffective or not available - when threat perceived by officer is higher than the amount of force justified - trauma is moderate; may cause more significant injury - must have additional justification than does a strike to a green area

Question 28

What are examples of yellow striking area?

Answer 28

(Collarbone, elbow, knee joint, upper abdomen, rib cage, )

Question 29

Red spots for baton striking?

Answer 29

Ears Temple Lower Jaw Upper Jaw Throat Back of neck Hollow behind ear Solar plexus Spine Kidney Tail Bone ***Groin***

Question 30

In Boston, is the groin area considered a red striking area?

Answer 30

Yes, must avoid hitting someone in the groin

Question 31

What areas are affected using an OC Spray

Answer 31

Eyes, Skin and Respiratory System

Question 32

What are the 4 perceived subject actions?

Answer 32

Compliant Passively Resisting Actively Resisting Aggressive/Combatative

Question 33

Who can I use distraction techniques on?

Answer 33

Active Resistant Subject

Question 34

What technique is a taser considered as?

Answer 34

Impact Technique

Question 35

A full __ second should be applied without interruption unless circumstance dictate otherwise

Answer 35

5 seconds

Question 36

How long should deployment not exceed?

Answer 36

15 seconds 3 cycles of 5 seconds each

Question 37

Per Rule 304B, is turning on CED by itself considered a use of force?

Answer 37

No

Question 38

Are tasers classified as a firearm per Rule 304B?

Answer 38

Yes, must be stored in accordance with M.G.L 141 & 131

Question 39

555 CMR 6.04 Does the use of force include the pointing of a firearm, ECW, CED or CW at an individual and the use of OC spray

Answer 39

Yes, it does.

Question 40

When can you use a taser?

Answer 40

to incapacitate a person who poses an immediate threat of physical injury to himself or others to display the CED laser and warning alert to gain compliance of a subject who is actively resisting during an authorized training

Question 41

When are you not allowed to use a taser?

Answer 41

in an environment where the use can result in death or serious injury intentionally aiming the laser light at person's those that are handcuffed

Question 42

If you tase someone and the probe hits them, who must you call?

Answer 42

EMS

Question 43

* deployment of a CED includes any time it is removed from the holster, the safety is turned off * accidental also considered a deployment

Answer 43

full deployment of taser

Question 44

an officer use of force decision must be ____ and ____.

Answer 44

neccessary and proportionate

Question 45

Hill v. Miracle

Answer 45

Diabetic shock case Threshold case for use of force during a medical emergencies

Question 46

What is a OC Spray?

Answer 46

An incapacitating agent

Question 47

Is it our responsibility to decon the suspect after we spray them?

Answer 47

Yes

Question 48

Comm v. Adams

Answer 48

Duty to intervene case

Question 49

What are the 5 Reasonable Officer Response?

Answer 49

* Contact Control * Compliance Techniques * Distraction Techniques * Impact Techniques * Deadly Force

Question 50

Tennesee v. Garner

Answer 50

The fleeing felon case

Question 51

Graham v. Connor

Answer 51

The use of force case

Question 52

City of Boston Ordinance Boston Police Officers and other Law Enforcement Officers working in the City of Boston _______ ___ use a kinetic impact projectile or a chemical crowd control agent against any person or persons engaged in a protest, demonstration or other gathering of any kind involving ______ ____ ___ ________.

Answer 52

Shall not More than ten persons

Question 53

Officers should be aware of the increased potential for serious injury to the suspect when incapacitating agents are used under the following circumstances:

Answer 53

1. When the subject is less than two feet away 2. When the subject is in an enclosed area without ventilation 3. When the subject lacks normal reflexes, such as the ability to blink, or is otherwise incapacitated.

Question 54

Objective Reasonableness is not determined by any particular _____ or _______-

Answer 54

tactic or weapon

Question 55

Why do we use force?

Answer 55

officers must effectively stop unlawful resistance as quickly as possible

Question 56

An officer who observes another officer using physical force, including deadly force, beyond that which is necessary or objectively reasonable based on the totality of the circumstances shall report the incident to an appropriate supervisor as soon as reasonably possible but not later than ____ ____ __ ___ _____ _______.

Answer 56

the end of the officer’s shift.

Question 57

use of force is a ____ under the 4th Amendment

Answer 57

seizure

Question 58

A law enforcement officer present and observing another officer using or attempting to use physical force, including deadly force, beyond that which is necessary or objectively reasonable based on the totality of the circumstances, _____ ________.

Answer 58

shall intervene

Question 59

the amount of physical effort, however slight, required by police to compel compliance by an unwilling individual

Answer 59

Force

Question 60

does physically escorting or handcuffing an individual with minimal or no resistance constitute as a use of force?

Answer 60

no

Question 61

Officers ______ always provide appropriate medical response to individuals following the use of deadly force

Answer 61

shall ***Such Medical response is to be provided when it is safe and tactically feasible***

Question 62

if officers are not lawfully situated, then ANY amount use of force applied may be deemed ______

Answer 62

unreasonable (excessive)

Question 63

Graham v. Connor A free citizen should be analyzed under the fourth amendment and it’s …

Answer 63

reasonableness standard

Question 64

An individual placed on their stomach during restraint should be moved into a _____ or _____ position as soon as practicable.

Answer 64

recovery or seated position

Question 65

Graham v. Connor The reasonableness of a particular use of force must be judged from the perspective of a reasonable ______ __ ___ _____, rather than with the 20/20 vision of hindsight."

Answer 65

officer on the scene

Question 66

- An individual who is noncompliant with officer commands that is nonviolent and does not pose an immediate threat to the officer or the public. 555 CMR 6.03 - A law enforcement officer shall use only the amount of force necessary against an individual who is engaged in passive resistance to effect the lawful arrest or detention. 555 CMR 6.04

Answer 66

***Passive Resistance***

Question 67

- Suspect's resistance becomes more active in scope and intensity. Suspect intentionally uses overt physical action, physical strength or body movement to resist

Answer 67

***Active Resistance***

Question 68

- Officer attempts to gain lawful control and is countered by active aggression or combative behavior by the individual

Answer 68

***Aggressive/Combative***

Question 69

- light touch tactics designed primarily to escort, guide or direct the individual • leverage, • strategic stabilization • direction

Answer 69

Contact Controls (reasonable officer responses)

Question 70

- Used to stop resistance and gain compliance Control and restraint techniques • Arm and Joint locks • Pressure Points • Distraction Techniques O.C. Spray, Takedowns (with specific and articulable fact that illustrate why the use was necessary and proportionate)

Answer 70

***Compliance Techniques*** (reasonable officer responses)

Question 71

- used by officers to stop aggressive or violent behavior. This includes both lee lethal and weaponless tactics. • Use of Personal Weapons (fists, elbows, knees) • Baton • Less-Lethal Weapons

Answer 71

***Impact Techniques*** (reasonable officer responses)

Question 72

After incapacitating agent has been applied to a subject officers should,

Answer 72

***thoroughly douse the exposed areas with water as soon as practicable, and call for EMS***

Question 73

when shall the deploying officer issue a verbal warning prior to full deployment.

Answer 73

***If tactically safe and feasible***