Use of force

Question 1

SJPD provides two types of report for coding: (1) _______ _________ reports and (2) electronic ________ ________ reports.

Answer 1

General offense

Force response

Question 2

Uses of force do not have a distinct seasonality with an average of ______ incidents and _______ common in December and January with 50 and 48 incidents respectively.

Answer 2

64

Less

Question 3

Over the last four years monthly uses of force peaked in _______ 2018 at 72 and lowest in _______ 2017 at 34.

Answer 3

July

January

Question 4

Each day use of force was most common between the hours of ______ and ______ is raking between _____ and _______.

Answer 4

4pm to 2am

10pm to midnight

Question 5

Streets are the most common location for uses of force to occur (_____) followed by business (____).

Answer 5

55%

14%

Question 6

________ of incidents happened inside or outside of a residence.

Answer 6

23%

Question 7

Less than _____ of use of force incidents occurred at parks, school, nightclub or other locations.

Answer 7

8%

Question 8

Nearly __________ of use of force incidents arose from a dispatched call for service while _______ were result of an officer-Initiated stop.

Answer 8

2/3

27%

Question 9

The most common call type for force incidents was for violation crime (______) followed by a traffic stop or infraction (_____) and property crimes (____).

Answer 9

33%

17%

17%

Question 10

Over the last four years _________ San Jose officers have used force 4,975 times in 2,670 separate incidents.

Answer 10

904

Question 11

On average there are _______ use of force incidents each year.

Answer 11

668

Question 12

_______ officers used force 41 times each over the four-year period and they were involved in 3.1% of all the force incidents.

Answer 12

Two

Question 13

________ officers used force between 30 and 34 times.

Answer 13

Eight

Question 14

There are 354 officers who only used force _______ or ______ during the last four years.

Answer 14

Once

Twice

Question 15

On average about ________ of the officers one the department use force in any given year

Answer 15

50%

Question 16

About _______ of all arrest last results in a use of force.

Answer 16

4%

Question 17

The Force Justification Score is based upon the four Graham Factors: (1) __________ of the crime being investigated; (2) the level of _______ to the officer or others; (3) the level of __________; and (4) whether the subject fled from the officer.

Answer 17

Seriousness

Threat

Resistance

Question 18

For each of the four Graham factors, San Jose scored highest in the ________ level and the ______ level categories and lowest in the ______ level category.

Answer 18

Resistance

Crime

Threat

Question 19

This indicates that when San Jose officers use force, they are facing more _______ crimes and higher levels of _________, but subjects are less likely to present an immediate threat to the officers or others.

Answer 19

Serious

Resistance

Question 20

_______ ______ of incidents received the highest justification score of 20. Most of these cases involved assaults on the officers before the officer made the decision to use force.

Answer 20

Eight percent

Question 21

Low Force Justification incidents were more likely to have the following characteristics than cases with higher Force Justification scores: • Subject was _______ (23%) • The most serious charge referred for prosecution was a _______ crime (29%)

Answer 21

Female

Drug

Question 22

Officers were much less likely to use ________ during a low Force Justification incident and were less likely to use physical strikes as well.

Answer 22

Weapons

Question 23

Average Force Justification Scores were ________ for women than men. Native American subjects had _________ Force Justification scores than other racial groups.

Answer 23

Lower

Higher

Question 24

Average Force Justification scores _________ with the subjects’ age. Older subjects had ________ Force Justification scores than younger subjects.

Answer 24

Declined

Lower

Question 25

Of the 2,670 use of force incidents that occurred over the last four years, _______ involved physical force only, _______ involved only the use of a weapon(s) by officers and ______ involved both physical force and the use of a weapon.

Answer 25

64%

12%

24%

Question 26

Of the physical tactics that were used, grabbing/pulling/holding was the most common (____) followed by _________ (59%).

Answer 26

77%

Takedowns

Question 27

In the last four years, _____ officers deployed their ECDs 529 times. Most deployments involved the use of the probe 77% and drive-stun mode was used 12% of the time.

Answer 27

305

Question 28

The ECD was fully effective _______ of the time and in 31% of deployments it had no effect.

Answer 28

54%

Question 29

The four-year trends for physical force show that the use of strikes has been ________ while officers are wrestling with subjects and using their ________ _______ to hold subjects down more often.

Answer 29

Declining

Body weight

Question 30

_______ in four subjects fled from the officer, while 12% possessed some type of weapon. ______-_______ subjects were armed with a firearm and four of them pointed their weapon at officers.

Answer 30

One

Thirty-two

Question 31

_______ subjects engaged in some type of physical resistance (86%) while 102 subjects used a weapon against the officer. ______ percent of subjects were only passively resisting when force was used against them.

Answer 31

Most

Four

Question 32

However, the lack of any significant racial disparities between uses of force and arrests suggests that resistive behavior is similar across racial groups and officers do _____ treat subjects differently based solely on the subject’s race.

Answer 32

Not

Question 33

When arrests by race are examined, we find that Whites and Other races are underrepresented in the arrests while _______ and ________ are overrepresented.

Answer 33

Hispanics

Blacks

Question 34

Adults between the ages of 18 and 39 are more than _______ more likely to be arrested than their population numbers would suggest while juvenile and adults over 60 are over 70% less likely to be arrested.

Answer 34

50%

Question 35

Most officer injuries involved a _____ ______ (46%) or a ______ (27%), but ______ officers suffered a fracture. Officers received more than half of their injuries on their hands or arms.

Answer 35

Minor scrapes
Cut
12

Question 36

Officers were more likely to get injured when they used a lateral neck ________ (56% injured) or _________ with a subject (28% injured) and were least likely to get injured when they used a canine (3% injured) or OC (11% injured).

Answer 36

Restraint

Wrestled

Question 37

Over the last four years 1,536 subjects that had force used against them were injured (______ of all incidents).

Answer 37

58%

Question 38

In 2018 the average number of Force Sequences rose to 4.2 which is in the high range. This means that it is taking ________ for officers to control subjects which could lead to greater risk of injury for officers and subjects.

Answer 38

Longer

Question 39

Officers are moving away from ______ ______ ______ and are using more _________ ________ to control subjects. Incidents involving a less lethal weapon fell from 40% to 31%.

Answer 39

Less lethal weapons

Physical force

Question 40

More incidents occurred on the _________ in 2018 (60%) than prior years (53%)

Answer 40

Street

Question 41

In 2018, subjects that had mental health issues (____) or were suicidal (______) were at the highest rate during the last 4 years.

Answer 41

29%

5%

Question 42

In general, officers are moving away from _______ _______ _______ and higher levels of force and are resolving more incidents with ______ levels of physical force.

Answer 42

Less lethal weapons

Lower

Question 43

As a percentage of all force tactics used, physical strikes have been _________, while using weight to hold down a subject and wrestling have been increasing.

Answer 43

Declining

Question 44

For the first time in the last four years, the number of incidents in the Southern Division (_____ incidents) exceeded both the Foothill Division (______ incidents) and the Central Division (______ incidents).

Answer 44

167
162
141

Question 45

Since 2015 Lincoln District has consistently had the ________ number of force incidents and now comprises about 15% of all uses of force in the City

Answer 45

Highest

Question 46

(After DL #1) Charles and Edward Districts have the next _______ numbers of force incidents, but their numbers have been declining since 2015.

Answer 46

Highest

Question 47

From 2016 to 2018 use of force incidents in ______ and ______ Districts more than doubled. In 2017 X-ray District had the second highest number of use of force incidents but it fell to 5th place in 2018.

Answer 47

Yellow

Tom

X-ray

Question 48

Southern Division officers have consistently spent more time interacting with subjects before using force, and this may be due to the fact that a higher percentage of their force incidents come from __________ __________ that they are investigating rather than officer onviews.

Answer 48

Dispatched calls

Question 49

Subjects with mental health problems have ________ in all Divisions and by 2018 were highest in Central and Southern Divisions (33% of force incidents).

Answer 49

Increased

Question 50

Over the last four years the percentage of female subjects has increased in ________, _______ and Central Divisions and by 2018 18% of all uses of force involved a female subject.

Answer 50

Western

Foothill

Question 51

From 2007 to 2018 the number of annual arrests made by SJPD fell by ______ from 35,998 arrests to 17,906 arrests. At the same time the number of uses of force fell by ______ from 1,156 in 2007 to 662 in 2018.

Answer 51

50%

43%

Question 52

From 2007 to 2018 the number of annual calls for service to SJPD fell by 23% from 436,624 calls to 338,124 calls. At the same time the number of uses of force fell by _______ from 1,156 in 2007 to 662 in 2018.

Answer 52

43%

Question 53

Between 2007 and 2018 the most significant change in the time of day that force incidents occur was from ______ to ______.

Answer 53

12am

4am

Question 54

2007-2018

During this same period use of force was becoming more and more common during the day between the hours of _______ and _______.

23% compares to 27% (12am to 4am)

Answer 54

8am

8pm

Question 55

The proportion of subjects under age _______ that were involved in force incidents has decreased from 17.8% in 2007 to 13.3% in 2018. Subjects over ______ has risen from 0.8% to 2.4%.

Answer 55

20

60

Question 56

San Jose PD officers use ________ ________ and _________ _________ more frequently than officers from other agencies in the system.

Answer 56

Impact Weapons

Projectile weapons

Question 57

For physical tactics San Jose PD officers use _________ and Pushing more frequently than officers from other agencies

Answer 57

Strikes and pushing

Question 58

Compared to other jurisdictions, subjects from San Jose are _______ times more likely to complain of an injury or pain after a force incident when _____ visible injury is present.

Answer 58

Three

No

Question 59

Characteristics of Force Incidents that are More Common in San Jose than Other Jurisdictions:

_______ or more officers were present when force was used

______ or more officers used force against the same subject

The reason for the contact was a violent ______ or a traffic stop

The most serious crime referred was a violent crime or a ______ crime

The force incident took 5 or 6 sequences before the subject was under _______

Subject was under the ________ of alcohol or drugs and/or had mental health issues

Subject was a resident of San Jose or a ______

Subject was _____-______

Subject made a __________ movement

Subject was ________ with an improvised weapon

Answer 59

Three

Three

Crime

Drug

Control

Influence

Transient

Non-white

Threatening

Armed