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Sgt Test > Use of Force > Flashcards

Use of Force Flashcards

1
Q

Members shall only use force…

A

in accordance with law and established Department procedures.

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2
Q

Members shall not use more force than is…

A

reasonably necessary under the circumstances.

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3
Q

Department policy places a greater value on the preservation of life than…

A

on the apprehension of criminal offenders.

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4
Q

Deadly force shall be used only when…

A

all reasonable alternatives have been exhausted or appear impractical.

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5
Q

When is the use of force acceptable?

A

In the performance of their duties, officers may encounter situations where the use of force is reasonable in order to affect a detention or arrest, to overcome resistance, or to protect themselves or others. Force, as authorized by Penal Code section 835a, and as set forth in this policy, may be used in those situations.

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6
Q

What is one of the most critical decisions an officer will ever make?

A

The decision to use deadly force in response to an imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury to the officer or another person is one of the most critical decisions an officer will ever be called upon to make.

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7
Q

What is the only type of force allowed?

A

Only force that is reasonable to overcome resistance may be used to affect a detention or an arrest, or take a mentally ill or emotionally disturbed person into protective custody.

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8
Q

Is the “reasonableness” test allowed in deciding whether force is acceptable?

A

The U.S. Supreme Court in Graham v. Connor, 490 U.S. 386 (1989), acknowledged that the “reasonableness” test in analyzing the use of force is “not capable of precise definition or mechanical application.” For that reason, in determining whether an officer’s use of force is reasonable in a particular case, it is necessary to evaluate the facts and circumstances confronting the officer at the time force was used.

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9
Q

What are the circumstances to be considered in determining if force is allowed?

A

All of the surrounding circumstances will be considered, including whether the subject posed an imminent threat to the safety of the officer or others, the severity of the crime at issue, and whether the suspect actively resisted arrest or attempted to flee.

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10
Q

What does Penal Code section 835a authorize an officer to do with respect to the use of force?

A

Penal Code section 835a authorizes an officer to use reasonable force to make a lawful arrest, prevent an escape or to overcome resistance. Officers are not required to retreat or desist from their efforts by reason of resistance or threatened resistance of the person being arrested.

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11
Q

How will the use of force be evaluated?

A

The evaluation of an officer’s use of force will be undertaken from the perspective of a reasonable officer on the scene, not through the 20/20 vision of hindsight. The central inquiry in every use of force case is whether the amount of force used by the officer was objectively reasonable in light of the particular circumstances faced by the officer.

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12
Q

What is Active Resistance?

A

behavior that consists of a refusal to comply with verbal commands and conveys a threat to the officer or another person, or consists of physical opposition to attempts of control by the officer.

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13
Q

What is Passive Resistance

A

behavior that consists of a refusal to comply with verbal commands and does not convey a threat to the officer or another person.

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14
Q

What is Verbal Control

A

a tactic used when encountering compliant behavior. Such control consists of the officer’s mere presence, requests, explanations and orders.

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15
Q

What is Assaultive Behavior?

A

behavior that consists of aggressive physical opposition to being physically controlled and conveys a threat of injury to the officer; or, behavior that consists of a threat of attack conveyed through aggressive physical actions or aggressive physical actions coupled with verbal threats. Verbal threats alone do not constitute assaultive behavior. Assaultive behavior can be directed at the officer or others.

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16
Q

What is Compliant Behavior?

A

behavior that complies with the officer’s verbal commands.

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17
Q

Define Crowd Control and Mobile Field Force Techniques.

A

levels of force that include close range strikes with an impact weapon. These strikes are designed to redirect or move a subject who fails to follow verbal commands. The amount of force used in delivering the strike should be reasonable given the circumstances. The intent of the technique is to move a subject backwards or to the side.

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18
Q

What is Deadly Force?

A

force that creates a substantial risk of causing death or serious bodily injury.

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19
Q

What is Defending Force?

A

the force needed to stop assaultive behavior against an officer or another person. This level of force generally involves impact strikes by the officer. Impact strikes can be delivered either by personal body weapons (i.e., hands, feet, knees, etc.) or impact weapons. Due to the potential for serious injury, intentional strikes with an impact weapon are prohibited from being directed at the head, face or throat of the subject unless the subject’s actions and behavior pose an imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury to the officer or others.

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20
Q

What are Distraction Techniques?

A

an act used to redirect a subject’s focus away from resistive behavior in order to assist the officer in gaining control of the individual.

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21
Q

What is Force?

A

the act of gaining and/or maintaining control of a subject or situation.

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22
Q

What is a Greater Controlling Force?

A

the force needed to control a subject who engages in active resistance. This level of force may involve the use of techniques such as takedowns, distractions techniques, chemical agents, and the carotid restraint.

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23
Q

What is a Lesser Controlling Force?

A

the force needed to control a subject who engages in passive resistance. This level of force generally involves use of physical strength, pain compliance defense techniques, and control holds.

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24
Q

What is Life Threatening Force?

A

behavior likely to cause serious bodily injury or death.

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25
Q

What is Passive Resistance?

A

behavior that consists of a refusal to comply with verbal commands and does not convey a threat to the officer or another person.

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26
Q

What is Verbal Control?

A

a tactic used when encountering compliant behavior. Such control consists of the officer’s mere presence, requests, explanations and orders.

27
Q

Who should maintain control of enforcement situations?

A

Officers should maintain control of enforcement situations. Officers who are not readily identifiable as police officers, whether on or off-duty, shall identify themselves as police officers, unless identification would jeopardize the safety of the officer or others.

28
Q

Who should not ever gain the advantage in a physical confrontation?

A

Subjects should not be allowed to gain the advantage in a physical confrontation. Officers may need to use a force option which is greater than the subject’s force level and which is reasonable under the circumstances.

29
Q

Describe how the use of force by an officer can be viewed as a matrix of force.

A

The use of force by an officer can be viewed as a matrix of force options that can be used in response to a subject’s actions and behavior. The matrix is designed to assist officers in understanding how force can escalate and assist officers in documenting the subsequent force used. The force matrix illustrates the relationship between a subject’s actions and the officer’s response.

30
Q

As force options move from lesser to greater levels, the risk of injury to the subject and/or officer increases.

A

TRUE

31
Q

Are there any situations that do not conform to the matrix?

A

However, there may be situations and circumstances that do not conform to this matrix. Officers who experience those unusual situations must use only that amount of force that is reasonable, based upon the subject’s actions and behavior.

32
Q

What is the first level?

A

First level - Officers attempt to gain compliance by talking or otherwise communicating with the subject, explaining what the subject is to do and giving the subject the opportunity to comply with the officer’s demands.

33
Q

What is the second level?

A

Second level - Officers use control tactics, such as escorting or compression and pain compliance techniques, on subjects displaying passive resistant behavior. Controlling force is used when the subject passively fails to respond to verbal direction.

34
Q

What is the third level?

A

Third level - Officers seek to control a subject’s active resistance by using lesser force options, in addition to neck restraint, chemical agents, distraction techniques, and taser.

35
Q

What is the fourth level?

A

Fourth level - Officers defend themselves or others against a subject’s assault, or threat of assault, with the use of defending force or lesser force options. Defending force includes strikes with hard impact and personal body weapons.

36
Q

:What is the fifth level?

A

Fifth level - Officers defend themselves or others against the subject’s life-threatening behavior with the use of deadly force.

37
Q

Various factors, which pertain to officers and/or subjects, will effect an officer’s force options and tactics. What are some of those factors?

A

a. Age;

38
Q

What is the main “rule” to follow regarding the discharge of a firearm?

A

Officers shall not discharge any firearm in the performance of their duties except as authorized by this Department procedure.

39
Q

When can officers officially discharge a firearm?

A

a. During authorized training at a target range;

40
Q

When should a verbal warning shall be given regarding the use of a firearm?

A

A verbal warning to submit to the authority of the officer shall be given prior to the use of a firearm, if feasible, and if doing so would not increase the danger to the officer or other persons.

41
Q

Officers shall exercise the utmost care in their handling and use of firearms while engaged in the performance of their duties and while exercising their option to carry a loaded and concealed weapon while off-duty.

A

TRUE

42
Q

What factors should be considered before an officer discharges a firearm?

A

The factors to be considered when before discharging a firearm include:

43
Q

Firearms are found to be generally ___________ in stopping vehicles.

A

Ineffective

44
Q

Firearms (should or should not) be discharged at a vehicle solely in an attempt to disable the vehicle.

A

Should not

45
Q

What ramifications shall officers consider when shooting at moving vehicles?

A

a. Moving vehicles present a rapidly changing field of fire;

46
Q

Officers shall not discharge a firearm at an occupant of a vehicle, except under what conditions?

A

a. The officer has probable cause to believe that the subject or the vehicle poses an immediate threat of death or serious physical harm to the officer and there is no reasonable alternative for the officer to avoid the harm; or,

47
Q

Officers shall not knowingly position themselves in the path of a moving vehicle.

A

TRUE

48
Q

When are warning shots allowed?

A

Warning shots present a danger to the officer and other persons. They are prohibited, except under exigent circumstances when:

49
Q

Can firearms ever be used as impact weapons?

A

Firearms are not designed or intended for use as impact weapons and shall not be used to strike another person, except when necessary to protect the officer or another person from death or serious bodily injury.

50
Q

What are officers to do regarding accurate reporting when force is used?

A

Officers who use force shall ensure that detailed, accurate reports (arrest, detention or ARJIS-9) describing the force used and all of the circumstances and facts surrounding the use of that force are prepared, including, but not limited to, factors listed in the Force Matrix section of this procedure.

51
Q

What form is to be completed when force is used?

A

A Force Effectiveness Form (located in the Automated Field Reporting templates or the LAN) shall be completed when force is used. The Force Effectiveness Form is for the sole purpose of capturing statistical data.

52
Q

What are considered use of force incidents that require a report?

A
  1. Any force option, control hold or weaponless defense technique applied to a person, or any force that causes injury or complaint of injury to either the officer or the subject being restrained;
53
Q

When is there an exception to documenting the use of force?

A

Officers who use a force option shall personally prepare the appropriate report (arrest, detention, ARJIS-9) documenting their use of force. An exception to an officer personally preparing a document (detailing force used) is if an SDPD investigator interviews the officer and his/her statements (regarding the force used) are documented in the investigator’s report.

54
Q

How does the reporting of use of force change when an outside agency is involved?

A

In the event San Diego Police Department officers are involved in a situation with an outside agency, the involved SDPD officers must document any use of reportable force by personnel of said agency. The reporting officer shall request documentation from the officers/deputies of the outside agency who deployed force options, describing their use of force.

55
Q

Whenever physical force used by an officer results in an injury that necessitates medical treatment of any person, who shall the officer immediately notify?

A

the field supervisor

56
Q

What steps shall be made by the field supervisor when force is utilized?

A
  1. The field supervisor shall evaluate the circumstances surrounding the incident.
57
Q

How shall photographs be handled when force is utilized?

A

Photographs shall also be taken of any damage to the clothing or personal property of the subject, officers or other persons at the scene. The officer taking the photograph shall note the subject’s name, DOB, date and time the photograph was taken, and the officer’s name and ID on the back of the photograph or on the photo disk.

58
Q

Get familiar with the Use of Force Matrix…Can’t copy here

A

Ok, I will

59
Q

When are officers authorized to discharge their firearm?

A

No officer shall discharge a firearm in the performance of duty except:

60
Q

When shall a verbal warning be given prior to using a firearm.

A

A verbal warning to submit to the authority of the officer shall be given prior to the use of a firearm (or any less lethal instrument), if feasible, and if to do so would not increase the danger to the officer or other persons.

61
Q

Firearms are effective in stopping vehicles.

A

FALSE

62
Q

What ramifications shall officers consider when shooting at occupants in a moving vehicle?

A

Officers shall consider the ramifications when shooting at occupants in a moving vehicle, such as:

63
Q

When can an officer discharge a firearm at the occupant of a vehicle?

A

Officers shall not discharge a firearm at an occupant of a vehicle unless:

64
Q

When can warning shots be used?

A

Warning shots present a danger to the officer and other persons. They are prohibited except under exigent circumstances when: 1. The officer has a reasonable belief that a subject (or animal) poses an imminent threat of death or serious bodily injury to the officer or another person; and, 2. Necessary to apprehend a fleeing suspect if there is probable cause to believe the suspect has committed a felony involving the infliction or threatened infliction of death or serious bodily injury, and the officer reasonably believes the suspect is armed with a deadly weapon and the suspect’s escape would pose an imminent threat to the officer or others.

Sgt Test (4 decks)

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