Use Of Biological Resources

Question 1

Fermentation

Answer 1

When microorganisms break sugars down to release energy- usually by anaerobic respiration.

Question 2

How to make yogurt

Answer 2

1)All equipment is sterilised to kill unwanted microorganisms and prevent contamination.
2)The milk is pasteurised at 72°C for 15 seconds to kill any harmful microorganisms.
3)The milk is cooled and Lactobacillus bacteria is added.
4)The mixture is incubated at 40-45°C for several hours. During this time the Lactobacillus bacteria ferment the lactose in the milk.
5)The Lactobacillus bacteria convert the lactose into lactic acid, which sours and thickens the milk, forming yoghurt.
6)The yoghurt is then stirred and cooled - halting the action of the Lactobacillus bacteria.
7)Flavourings, colorants, and fruit may be added before packaging.

Question 3

Inter specific predation

Answer 3

Happens from other species eg, bird eating fish

Question 4

Intraspecific predation

Answer 4

Happens within the same species

Question 5

How to clone an animal

Answer 5

1)take an egg cell form a donor female and remove its nucleus so that you have an enucleated egg cell.
2)take an adult body cell from the organism you want to clone and remove its nucleus
3)put the nucleus from the adult body cell into the enucleated egg cell
4)stimulate the cell via a small electric shock. It will then act like a zygote and divide by mitosis, forming an embryo
5)implant the embryo into the uterus of a surrogate mother. It will then develop into a foetus and be born like normal

Question 6

Drawbacks of genetic engineering

Answer 6

-reduces the gene pool (collection of different alleles in a population) of the population
-the best individuals are often closely related, can lead to inbreeding, prone to inherited defects, prone to disease
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