USCR Elimination Flashcards
What is elimination?
Excretion of waste products by the skin, kidneys and intestines.
What to look for in an assessment for elimination?
Client’s Health History
Interview (BCF data: subjective)
Physical Examination
(objective data)
Diagnostic and laboratory studies
Urinary elimination depends on what 4 urinary tract organs?
Kidneys (filter urine)
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
factors influencing urination?
Age Psychosocial factors* Fluid and food intake Medications Muscle tone and activity Pathological conditions Surgical and diagnostic studies
What to look for in bladder assessment?
empty bladder distended bladder urinary retention retention with overflow incontinence
What is a distended bladder?
full, palpable bladder
What is urinary retention?
inability to void or empty bladder completely
what is retention with overflow?
small amount of urine escapes bladder despite retention
what is incontinence?
involuntary urination)
(symptom of something else going on)can be due to physiological, neurological disorders
normal frequency of urine elimination?
5-7 times/day
Normal urine output= 1500-1600 mL/24 hours; about 500 mL/4 hours; at least 30 mL/hr
What is dysuria?
painful or difficult urination (UTI is most common cause of dysuria)
what is urgency?
increased urge to void
what is hematuria?
blood in urine
what is nocturia?
excessive urination during the night
what is hesitancy?
inability to induce urinary flow
what is dribbling?
inability of urinary sphincter to contract completely resulting in drops of urine
what is polyuria?
increased urination (>3L of fluid in 24hr) usually seen in diabetes mellitus water follows glucose out during filtration, too much glucose to reabsorb=incr water loss=incr urine); or diabetes insipidus (disorder of urine concentration).
What to look for in assessment of urine?
colour (straw colour –> tea colour)
clarity (clear –> cloudy –> turbid)
odour (no smell –> strong nitrate)
quantity (drips –> 1L+)
Urine test?
Sterile container for C&S (culture & sensitivity)
Culture to identify microorganism
Sensitivity to identify antimicrobial/antibiotic the microorganism is sensitive to.
dipstick
action demand for urine?
Maintain normal urinary
elimination by:
assuming normal positioning for urination, e.g. standing for men squatting for women
Taking time to void
voiding when the urge arises (don’t ignore it).
maintaining privacy if required
practicing proper hygiene (wipe front to back) to prevent UTI.
drinking at least 2 L of fluid to prevent UTI and ensure quantity of urine.
voiding immediately after sexual intercourse to prevent UTI.
what is bowel elimination?
Elimination of the waste products of digestion from the body is essential to health
factors affecting bowel elimination?
age diet fluid intake activity psychological factors defecation habits medication diagnostic procedures anaesthesia and surgery pathological conditions pain Food and fluid intake Exercise Laxatives