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Pharma written > Usage of antibiotics in ruminants and horses > Flashcards

Usage of antibiotics in ruminants and horses Flashcards

1
Q

Ruminants and ABs

A

AB are not allowed in adult ruminants becuase thye can be killed by the rumen flora, it is only used in calves w/AB orally

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2
Q

how should AB be given to ruminants

A

only by local injection or orally

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3
Q

in what cases can we use AB in ruminants?

A

respiratory infections
food disorders (++ milk cattle)
mastitis

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4
Q

whih bacteria does not respond to penicillin?

A

staphylococci - they produce B-lactamase enzyme causing the penicillin to be decomposed

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5
Q

what are the different groups of first choice antibiotics against gram positive infections?

A

narrow spectrum penicillins (gr+; streptococcus, bacillus, clostridium)
broad spectrum penicillins

penicillinase resistant penicillins

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6
Q

substances in the narrow spectrum penicillins (ru)

A

benzylpenicillins

procain + benzathine

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7
Q

narrow spectrum penicillins (Ru)- indications

A

rare
airway infections
foot diseases
wounds

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8
Q

narrow spectrum penicillins(Ru) - administration

A

injection SC, IM

never IV

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9
Q

broad spectrum penicillin(Ru) -substances

A

amoxicillin

amoxicillin+ claculanic acid

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10
Q

broad spectrum penicillin(Ru) - indication

A

airway infections

foot diseases

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11
Q

broad spectrum penicillin(Ru) - administration

A

in case of resp: IM, SC

foot disease: combinations, amoxicillin

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12
Q

penicillinase resistant penicillins (ru) - substances

A

oxacillins
cloxacillin
dicloxacillin
flucloxacillin

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13
Q

penicillinase resistant penicillins (ru) - indications

A

gram+

mastitis

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14
Q

penicillinase resistant penicillins (ru) - administration

A

locally: intramammary infusion

resistant against penicillinase enzyme only when the PBP change (mutant) = staphylococci

dot act agaisnt MRSA or MRSP

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15
Q

name the 1st and 2nd generation cefalosporins

A 
cefalexin
cefapirin
cefacetril
cefacetril
cefazolin
cefuroxime
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16
Q

indications of 1st and 2nd generation cefalosporins (ru)

A

gram-positive mastitis

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17
Q

administration of 1&2 generation cefalosporins (ru)

A

give them locally as an intramammary infusion

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18
Q

3rd generation cefalosporins (ru)

A

ceftiofur

cefoperazon

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19
Q

indications of 3rd generation cefalosporins

A

airway infections
foot diseases
mastitis, metritis

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20
Q

two types of ceftiofur and their administration

A

hydrochloride and crystalline free acid (long duration

IM or SC locally as intrammamry infusions

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21
Q

what is the advantage of treating dairy cattle with ceftiofur?

A

it will not cross the blood-milk-barrier

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22
Q

4th generation substances

A

cefquinome

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23
Q

cefquinome indication?

A

airway infections

mastitis

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24
Q

cefquinome administration

A

locally or as an injection

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25
Q

aminoglycoside substances (ru)

A 
neomycin
gentamicin (fastidious bacteria)
apramycin
spectinomycin (mycoplasma)
paromomycin
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26
Q

aminoglycosides given per os treats?

A

diarrhea in calves and lambs

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27
Q

which aminoglycosides are good for the airways?

A

gentamicin, spectinomycin (+lincomycin)

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28
Q

how is neomycin given? and for what?

A

IM and IU

mastitis, metritis (intrauterine, locally (intramamammary infusion)

29
Q

the substances of tetracyclines

A

oxytetracyclines
chlortetracylines
doxycycline

30
Q

indications tetracyclines

A 
airway infections
foot diseases, wounds
infectious KC
enzootic abortion
mastitis
31
Q

TTC administration

A

injection and topical

orally only in calves and lambs

32
Q

Phenicols, substances

are they used?

A

chlormaphenicol is prohibited in FPA

triamphenicol is used in poultry

florfenicol in ruminants

33
Q

indications for florfenicol

A

airway infections

foot disease? (MILK)

34
Q

spectrum of phenicols

A

broad

resistance is not frequent

35
Q

pharmacokinetics of florfenicol

A

very good, penetrates the special barriers

36
Q

what class is colistin in?

A

AMEG “B” HP-CIA

37
Q

usage of colistin

A

usage should be reduced by 65%, it is very nephrotoxic as an injection so it is not used
orally it can be given to young calves to treat E.coli

38
Q

substances of macrolides used in ruminants

A

tilmicosin
tulathromycin
gamithromycin
tildipirosin

39
Q

tilmicosin indications

A

airway infections
3-4 days duration of action
excellent against fastidious and moderate against mycoplasma

40
Q

tulathromycin and gamithromycin indications

A

airway infections
foot diseases
infectious KC

41
Q

tildipirosin indication

A

airway infection

42
Q

tilmicosin administration

A

SC, only!

43
Q

tulathromycin, gamithromycin administration

A

SC and IM injection

44
Q

tulathromycin, gamithromycin spectrum

A

fastidious and mycoplasma ad

45
Q

tulathromycin, gamithromycin advantage

A

1-2 week duration of action for 1 injection

46
Q

tildipirosin application and spectrum

A

IM or SC injetion

only against fastidious not mycoplasma

47
Q

draxxin

A

tulathromycin

48
Q

lincosamides and pleuromutilins substances

A

lincomycin and tiamulin (pleuromutilins)

49
Q

spectrum of lincomycin and what is a good combination

A

mycoplasma and anaerobe bacteria, does not take fastidious so its good to combine with spectomycin

50
Q

indications of lincosamides and pleuromutilins

A

foot diseases
mastitis
airway infections?

51
Q

administration of lincosamideas and pleuromutilins

A

injection or locally as an intramammary infusion

oral should be avoided

52
Q

indication and administration of tiamulin

A

airway infections

orally

53
Q

potentiated sulphonamids substances

A

sulfmethoxazole
sulfadimethoxine
sulfadiazine
sulfachlorpyridazine + trimethoprim

54
Q

indications of potentiated sulphonamides

A

decreasing usage
airway infections
masitis IV

55
Q

administration of potentiated sulphonamides

A

injection IV slowly

56
Q

which generation of fluoroquinolones are used in Ru

A

second generation

57
Q

substances of fluoroquinolones

A

enrofloxacin

marbofloxacin

58
Q

indications of fluoroquinolones

A

airway infections
mastitis
GI tract infections

59
Q

administration of fluoroquinolones

A

mastitis - intramammary injection

IV injection against gr-

orally for calves in case of E.coli and salmonella

60
Q

antibiotics in horses?

A

everything off label!

AB is not authorized AB for horses - dysbacteriosis

61
Q

which AB should definetly be avoided in horses?

A

lincosamides (kill GI flora)
macrolides - only in young foals
amoxicillins + clavulinic acid, procain in young foals should be avoided (no procainase enzyme)

62
Q

which penicillins can be used in horses with probiotics

A 
Cefalosporins (ceftiofur) 
Aminoglycosides (gentamicin, amikacin) 
Tetracyclines (doxycyline)

Macrolides (azithro-, clarithromycin) 
Potentiated sulphonamides 
Fluoroquinolones

Rifampicin
63
Q

when is cefalosporins used in horses?

A

life threathening infections, severe cases or no other option

64
Q

aminoglycosides in horses

A

life threathening cases, local perfusion (inside a joint)

65
Q

tetracyclines in horses

A

doxycyclines in young horses –> proliferative enteropathy (lawsonia) or respiratory disease

66
Q

macrolides in horses

A

: in young horses against rhodoccocus equi pneumonia (abscesses in lungs) ORALLY (6 w treatment + separate the foals from the mother because the feces contain the active substance = avoid the contamination of the mother)  macrolides + rifampycins

67
Q

PS in horses

A

not so used in foals ut sometimes in respiratory disease

68
Q

fluoroquinolones in horses

A

frequently used, but can have serious SE, it is harmful for foals as well =cartilage tissue damage, causes lameness leading to life threathening cases such as peritonits, pneumonia and opened fractures

69
Q

metronidazole in horses

A 
non FPA - table 2
spectrum: anaerobe bacteria
GI infection (colic, colitis)
GI tract perforation (peritonitis)
combination with fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides

Pharma written (4 decks)

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