Usage of antibiotics in companion animals Flashcards
Which Gr + bacterias are normal in companion animals
Bacillus and clostridium is not that frequent
staphylococcus
streptococcus
enterococcus
clostridium in companion animals - which diseases and what AB?
Cl. perfringens: enteropatho
Cl. teteni: tetanus
narrow spectrum penicillins: penicillins, peocain and benzathine penicillin
or combination
treat anaerobe bacteria
metronidazole
treatment of staphylococcus
produces b-lactamase
Ø narrow spectrum penicillins
treatment of streptococcus
narrow spectrum penicillin or amoxicillin
treat enterococcus
UTI infections - use amoxicillin.
never use cephalospoins in case it is complicated
Gram negative bacteria ususally infecting comapnion animals
pasteurella bordetella bronchiseptics enterobacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa borrelia spp prevotella, porphyromonas, bactereides mycoplasma chlamydia, rickettsia
pasteruella
- infections
- treatment
respiratory tract infections
cats: dermatitis, pharyngitis, oral cavity infections, abscesses, otitis
amoxicillin and narrow spectrum penicillins
bordetella bronchiseptia
- infection
- treatment
kennel cough
resistant agsint b-lactamase AB, need to use TTC, macrolides, sulphonamides and fluoroquinolones
enterobacter
- infection
- treatment
E.coli - UTI GI infections (dont treat)
amoxicillin + claculanic acid
GI infections in companion animals, treatment
never treat, deadly spreading, can lead to resistance
treat the symptoms instead
only treat with AB in case of severe problems - can cause septicaemia and bacteriemi - give it IV
pseudomonas aeruginosa
- infections
- treatment
otitis externa, supperative otitis externa
hard to treat - cannot use penicillin
borrelia spp
- infection
- treatment
lyme disease
use amoxicillin if it is acute
prevotella, porphyromonas, bacteroides
- infections
- treatment
oral vacity infections
bite wounds
anal sacculitis
amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid
cephalosporin
mycoplasma
- infection
- treatment
respiratory infections
anemia
tetracyclines
chlamydia, rickettsia
- infection
- treatment
respiraotry tract infections (cats)
eye ifections
Rickettsia: anaplasmosis
tetracyclines
narrow spectrum penicillins indications
pharyngitis
respiratory infections (pasteurella spp)
tetanus
SC, IM
what is piperacillin and tazobactam used agaisnt?
pseudomonas aeruginosa
in life threathening infections
1st generation cephalosporins - what bacteria
gram negative and positive
2nd generation cephalosporins - what bacteria?
gram negative (more effective) and positive
what is cefalexin first choice for?
dermatitis
streptomycins
- combinations
- SE
should never be used alone, combine it with narrow spectrum penicillin
SE: nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, never give to dehydrated animals, young, old
which aminoglycoside is the most toxic?
neomycin - only use topically
polymyxine B - use
good against gram negative - p.aeruginosa
topical ear drops
bactiracin - use
against gram positive in eye infections
in rabbits for enteritis
when is vancomycin and teicoplanin used?
in life threathening gram positive infections - MRSA, MRSP
tetracyclines used in companion animals
chlortetracyclines
doxycylines
chlortetracyclines
short acting
not good ora absorption
not very good pharmacokinetic protperties
used agaisnt dermatitis, wounds
cats are sensitive
doxycyline
better than chlortetracyclines
dairy products influences the absorption
1st choice for lyme disease
kills wolbachia
macrolides used in companion animals
spiramycin
azithromycin
clarithromycin
tylosine
spiramycin
- against
- infections
- combinations
strepto and anerobic bacteria
oral cavity infections
stomorgyl (anaerobe) combined with metronidazole
azithromycin
respiratory infections
give with food or else there will be vomiting
accumulates in macrophages
lyme disease and campylobacter enteritis
