USA Topic 3 Flashcards
Where did black americans serve in ww2?
Segregrated units
By …. how many black americans in US army and were officers
750,000 in US army, hundreds were officers
Where were Black soldiers not allowed?
Into combat in the Marines
US Air-Force didnt accept-?
Black pilots
What jobs were black soldiers given?
Menial tasks or made to do most dangerous tasks
Who supported integrated combat units?
US Supreme Commander, Eisenhower
When did the army change from most to least segregated.
1955
By 1945 how many black pilots and how many black sailors had to risen to rank of officer?
600 pilots, 58 sailors
What started at home to gain improved civil rights as well as victory in war?
Double V campaign
Who issued an executive order which stopped discrimination in industrial and government jobs?
Roosevelt
How many Black Americans in gov jobs by end of war?
200,000
Racial tension still existed…….?
Led to race riots in 47 cities, in Detroit in 1943, 25 black and 9 white people killed with 700+ injuries
When was Brown vs Board
1954
What was Brown vs Board
First case to challenge segregation in education put forward case against ‘separate but equal’ Jim crow laws
When was segregation in schools made unconstitutional?
1954
What happened despite segregation in school was unconstitutional?
2.4m black children still in segregated schools in 1957
Who did little to encourage integration until he was forced to by events?
President Eisenhower
Little Rock
1957, state governor, Faubus ordered national guardsman to block entry of Elizabeth Eckford and 8 other students. The media coverage of vicious white crowd embarrassed a nation that championed freedom and equality
What happened after nation got embarrassed as of what happened at little Rock?
Eisenhower sent 1000 federal troops to Little Rock, faubus closed all schools in area to prevent integration until 1959
James Meredith
In 1962, JFK sent 320 federal marshals to escort James meredith into uni, After Riots, JFK sent a further 2000 troops to restore order
Rosa Parks arrested
Dec 1955
What formed after Rosa parks was arrested and who got involved?
Montgomery Improvemtn Association (MIA) MLK and Ralph Abernathy
What did MLK declare about his views?
African Americans were tired of being humiliated and oppressed in their own country, but they would use peaceful means to persuade people to follow their cause
What happened to mlk and parks for organising an illegal boycott?
Kings home was firebombed, both arrested
When did supreme court rule segregation was unconstitutional?
Dec 1956
Sit in protests
Students endured assults and violence but didnt retaliate,put pressure on local economy and was successful
Womens liberation front
Radical feminists, protested against any sign of male supremacy, methods gained publicity but were very redicule eg bra burning, werent taken seriously
NOW (national organisation for women)
Established by Betty Freidan, 40,000 members by 1970s, challenged discrimination
What did mlk lead
MIA, SCLC
Where did mlk target and why
Birmingham, alabama-large black american population and racist chief of police (bull connor)
When king was arrested he did what
Wrote his ‘letter from Birmingham jail’ highlighting how slow progress was in usa towards civil rights
I have a dream speech
March on washington 1963, 250,000 deomonstrators came from all over usa, speech was televised across usa and put pressure on jfk to pass his civil rights bill
Who passed civil rights act and when
1964, Johnson
