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History > USA Topic 1 > Flashcards

USA Topic 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many were unemployed at the end of 1929

A

2.5 million

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2
Q

How many were unemployed by 1932

A

12 million

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3
Q

What were Hoovervilles

A

areas on the edge of cities where people lived in houses made of tin/cardboard/wood

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4
Q

What were hoover blankets

A

Newspapers

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5
Q

Who were the Bonus Marchers

A

Men who fought in WW1 who wanted the bonus that they had been promised early

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6
Q

How many Bonus Marchers were there

A

12000 marching in Washington. 5000 still refused to leave after a warning

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7
Q

How many people were injured when Hoover sent the army in after the Bonus Marchers

A

100 and a baby was killed

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8
Q

What was Hoovers approach as a president called

A

Laissez faire

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9
Q

What also happened as a result of the Depression

A

The birth rate fell and suicide rates increased

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10
Q

What was the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act

A

Hoover started putting a tax on foreign goods to try to bring in more money. It failed and countries refused to trade with the US

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11
Q

What did the Emergency Relief Act involve

A

Hoover giving 300 million to state governments to help the unemployed

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12
Q

What did the Republicans believe in

A

Laissez faire and rugged individualism

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13
Q

Why was Roosevelt more popular than Hoover

A

Because he was more appealing and gave a clearer message

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14
Q

What were the three Rs of the New Deal

A

Relief, Recovery, Reform

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15
Q

Which Alphabet Agency aided with relief

A

The CCC

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16
Q

Which Alphabet Agency aided with recovery

A

The AAA

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17
Q

Which Alphabet Agency aided with reform

A

The TVA

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18
Q

What did Roosevelt do on the 5th March

A

He closed all the banks for 10 days

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19
Q

What were fireside chats

A

When Roosevelt would talk to the country on the radio and inform and reassure them of current affairs

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20
Q

What did NRA stand for

A

National Recovery Administration

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21
Q

What did the CCC do

A

Created jobs for homeless men 18-25

22
Q

How did Francis Townsend oppose the New Deal

A

He thought it wasn’t doing enough to help the elderly and set up Townsend clubs which were quite popular

23
Q

What were the successes of the New Deal

A

Many more jobs were created and unemployment decreased
People were happy to trust Roosevelt to help them
Roosevelt was clear with the Americans so they knew what was happening

24
Q

What were the limitations of the New Deal

A

Women and African - Americans still weren’t treated equally in and outside the workplace
The Alphabet Agencies only provided short term jobs
Most of the economical solutions were short term

25
Q

What did Huey Long want and what did he do

A

Though Roosevelt wasn’t sharing the country’s wealth fairly and started a campaign called ‘Share Our Wealth’. It gained much support

26
Q

Why did the Supreme Court oppose the New Deal

A

Because most of it was made up of Republicans

27
Q

How many people left their homes looking for work in the Great Depression

A

More than 1 million

28
Q

How much did President Hoover cut taxes by

A

130 million

29
Q

When was Roosevelt inaugurated

A

4th March

30
Q

How much did the AAA help farmers

A

They were 50% better off under the AAA by 1936

31
Q

How many major measures did Roosevelt pass during his first hundred days

A

16

32
Q

Why did people oppose the New Deal

A

The debt was starting to grow
A lot of money was wasted

33
Q

What were the acts that Roosevelt introduced in the Second New Deal

A

The Works Progress Administration
The Wagner Act
The Fair Labour Standards Act
Social Security Act

34
Q

What did the WPA do

A

Organised a 4.8 billion relief programme
Put unemployed teachers back to work

35
Q

What did the Wagner Act do

A

Upheld rights of workers to enter collective bargaining
National Relations Board acted against employees who used unfair practices

36
Q

What did the Social Security Act do

A

Established pensions for the elderly and those injured in industrial accidents
Established unemployment benefits

37
Q

How many women were involved in the CCC

A

8000 out of 2.75 million people involved

38
Q

Why did people blame Hoover for the Depression

A

-His laissez-faire approach
-His harsh treatment of the Bonus Marchers
-Too small relief and government schemes
-He had nothing new to promise the voters

39
Q

Why did people like Roosevelt

A

-They were impressed that he was able to overcome polio
-He was optimistic
-He kept his message simple with a bold approach (The New Deal)

40
Q

What did Roosevelt do in his first 100 days

A

Closed all banks for ten days, then reopened the ones with assets. He explained all this in his fireside chats. He also set up Alphabet Agencies.

41
Q

What did the second new deal focus on

A

Mainly reform

42
Q

How many Americans were unemployed by the end of 1934

A

10 million

43
Q

How was the New Deal successful for government

A

Restored people’s faith in them
Preserved democracy

44
Q

How was the New Deal unsuccessful for the government?

A

Roosevelt gave too much power to the federal government and the presidency. The federal government was becoming more involved in what was state government managed areas.

45
Q

How was the New Deal successful for the economy

A

Stabilised the banking system
Improved infrastructure

46
Q

How was the New Deal unsuccessful for the economy

A

Only provided short term solutions
When Roosevelt reduced the New Deal budget in 1937 the country fell back into depression

47
Q

How was the New Deal successful for unemployment

A

The Alphabet Agencies caused unemployment to fall from 24.9 to 14.3 million
It strengthened the position of labour unions, however they were still treated with suspicion

48
Q

How was the New Deal unsuccessful for unemployment

A

The Alphabet agencies only provided short term jobs
Still over 14 million out of work in 1937

49
Q

Why did people not like the social welfare measures

A

They thought that they encouraged people to sponge off the state and it put too much pressure on tax payers.

50
Q

Were black Americans helped much in the New Deal?

A

No - Roosevelt did little to end segregation and many New Deal agencies discriminated against black people by giving them lower wages or worse treatment

51
Q

Were women helped much in the New Deal?

A

No - some National Industry Recovery Act codes required women to be paid less than men and only 8000 out of 2.75 million people in the CCC were women. However some achieved prominent positions eg Eleanor Roosevelt

History (11 decks)

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