Germany Flashcards
What were the strengths of the Weimar constitution?
Men and women 20+ could vote, bill of rights gave people freedom of speech, religion and equality
Reichstag - democracy
What were the weaknesses of the Weimar constitution?
Proportional representation
Article 48
Dislike from extremist parties
Which two countries went to Belgium in the T of V ?
Eupen and Malmedy
What was given to France in the T of V?
Alsace and Lorraine, Saar coalfields
Who were the social democrats led by?
Friedrich Ebert
How many Sparticists were killed in the Sparticist Uprising of 1919
100
In the Kapp Pustch, how many Friekorps marched into Berlin?
5000
What was the Ruhr also known as?
Germany’s industrial heart
How much did a loaf of bread cost in 1922 and then in 1923?
163 marks to 200 billion marks
What was the Dawes Plan and when was it made?
1924, reduced annual reparations
When was Gustav Stresemann given the Nobel Peace Prize?
1926
What did the Young Plan involve and when was it made?
1929, reduced reparations 20% and gave Germany 59 years to pay it.
How many people were unemployed by 1929?
1.4 of 65 million
How many LGBT bars and clubs did Berlin have?
Around 100
What was the new form of architecture called?
Bauhaus
How many SA members did Hitler bring to the beer hall in Munich (Munich Pustch)
600
How many supporters were killed in the Munich Pustch?
16
How many members did the Nazi party have by 1923?
55000
What did the Nazi party promise people after the Great Depression?
Jobs, higher wages, solutions, that Germany would be great again, presented Hitler as a hero
How many seats did the Nazis lose in November 1932?
34
How many members did the Nazi have by 1930?
30000
What percentage of people between 16-30 were unemployed in 1933?
50%
What percentage of university graduates couldn’t find work?
60%
How long was Munich ruled by a monarchy for?
700 years
What were the Nazi ideals?
Self sufficiency, one leader
T of V abolished, all German speaking united in one country, Germany ‘in danger’ from Jews/Communists
Lebensraum (living space)
Aryan race superiority
Who led the SA
Ernst Röhm
Why did Hitler dislike Jews ?(2 reasons)
His mother was treated by Jewish doctors and died so he blamed them
He was surrounded by antisemitism in Vienna
Who set the Reichstag building on fire?
Van der Lubbe (Dutch Communist)
What were the terms of the Enabling Act?
-Trade unions abolished
-All states run by Reich governors
-Individual parliaments abolished
-All other political parties disbanded
What percentage of votes did Hitler get for his plebiscite to become Fuhrer?
95%
What was the National Labour Service?
All men 18-25 had to do 6 months staying in tents, military drills, low pay, menial work
How did the Nazis create more jobs for the unemployed?
Created jobs in building motorways, construction
Claimed they had decreased unemployment dramatically but didn’t count women on maternity leave, minorities and did count part time jobs
Reintroduced conscription
When were all Jews banned from schools?
1935
What did boys have to do in the Hitler Youth?
Marching, bayonet drills, grenade throwing, trench digging, map reading
What did girls have to do in the League of German Maidens
Had to run 60m in 14 sec, throw a ball 10 m, complete a 2 hour march and know how to make a bed
What was the percentage of attendance of the Hitler Youth before it was made compulsory?
25%
When was the Hitler Youth made compulsory
1939
Who was in charge of the Hitler Youth?
Baldur von Shirach
How many synogogues were burned in Kristallnacht?
200
How much were the Jews made to pay after Kristallnacht?
1 billion Reichsmarks
Who led the SS
Heinrich Himmler
What did the SS expand to in the 1930s?
240000
What was the SD for and who was its leader?
Intelligence and security, Reinhard Heydrich
What did all judges have to do in law courts?
Join the National Socialist League for the Maintenance of the Law
Who were the Gestapo, what did they do and who were they led by?
Secret police, acted outside the law, didn’t wear a uniform, randomly arrested people, led by Heinrich Himmler
