usa boom and bust t3 Flashcards
How many Americans were unemployed in 1933, and how many were still out of work by 1939?
1933, 18 million Americans were unemployed. By 1939, 9 million were still out of work
What was a key criticism of the Alphabet Agencies?
many Americans returned to joblessness after their time with the agencies ended.
the impact of the New Deal on unemployment in its early years?
a reduction in unemployment, as government programs provided temporary jobs
What was the significance of the 1939 Neutrality Acts being modified?
allowed the sale of arms to countries at war, boosting American manufacturing and economic recovery.
How did the arms orders of 1939 impact the U.S. economy?
Within a year, there were orders for 10,800 aircraft and 13,000 aeroplane engines
Why was 1940 a key year for the U.S. economy?
beginning of rearmament and the transition towards a war economy, boosting production and employment.
How did the New Deal impact women’s employment
some employment opportunities, but women were often paid less than men and faced discrimination.
Who was the first female cabinet member in U.S. history, appointed during the New Deal?
Frances Perkins
How did Frances Perkins influence the New Deal?
developing Social Security, minimum wage laws, and labor protections.
What was the role of Eleanor Roosevelt in promoting women’s rights during the New Deal?
advocate for women’s rights, pushing for equal pay and increased job opportunities.
What limitations did women face in New Deal programs?
Many programs excluded women, especially those in domestic or agricultural work, which employed large numbers of women.
How did the Works Progress Administration (WPA) affect women?
provided some jobs for women, but most of the better-paying roles were reserved for men.
What percentage of WPA jobs went to women?
13%
What was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) policy towards women?
excluded women entirely, as it only provided jobs for young men
Did the New Deal improve the status of women overall?
some job opportunities and legal protections but largely reinforced gender inequalities.
Why did Roosevelt reduce funding for New Deal programs?
He believed in balancing the budget, which led to $66 million in cutbacks.
How did Eleanor Roosevelt redefine the role of First Lady?
became politically active, held press conferences, wrote newspaper columns, and promoted New Deal policies.
How were African Americans affected by the New Deal?
some New Deal programs provided jobs and relief, many African Americans faced discrimination and were often excluded from benefits
What role did Eleanor Roosevelt play in advocating for African Americans during the New Deal?
promoted anti-lynching laws, publicly supported civil rights, and invited African American leaders to the White House
What was the “Black Cabinet” during the New Deal?
group of African American advisors who worked with FDR to advocate for better policies for Black Americans.
How did the Works Progress Administration (WPA) affect African Americans?
It provided jobs and skills training but paid lower wages to Black workers
How did the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) treat African Americans?
The CCC offered jobs to African Americans but operated segregated camps
How were Mexican Americans impacted by the New Deal
Many were excluded from New Deal benefits due to their jobs in agriculture and domestic work, which were not covered by Social Security.
What was the Repatriation Program of the 1930s?
thousands of Mexican Americans were deported or pressured to leave the country.
