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History > usa boom and bust t1 > Flashcards

usa boom and bust t1 Flashcards

1
Q

Give three push factors that encouraged people to move to America.

A
  • Economic hardship
  • Political instability
  • Religious persecution

Push factors are conditions that drive people to leave their home country.

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2
Q

Give three pull factors that encouraged people to move to America.

A
  • Economic opportunity
  • Political freedom
  • Religious tolerance

Pull factors are conditions that attract people to a new country.

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3
Q

Give two specific examples to prove that the USA was not a melting pot.

A
  • Segregation laws
  • Ethnic enclaves

The concept of a melting pot suggests integration, which was often contradicted by societal divisions.

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4
Q

Give one positive effect of WW1 on the US economy.

A

Increased industrial production

The war effort led to a demand for goods, boosting the economy.

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5
Q

Give one negative effect of WW1 on the US economy.

A

Post-war recession

The economy faced challenges as wartime production decreased after the war.

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6
Q

Give a specific example of how the US government limited social liberties of American people.

A

Espionage Act of 1917

This act restricted free speech and allowed for the prosecution of dissenters.

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7
Q

Give a specific example of how the federal government gained more power as a result of WW1.

A

Creation of the War Industries Board

This board coordinated industrial production for the war effort.

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8
Q

What is hire purchase?

A

A system of buying goods through installments

This allowed consumers to pay for items over time rather than upfront.

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9
Q

What caused the economic boom in the 1920s?

A
  • Mass production
  • Consumerism
  • Technological advancements

These factors contributed to increased economic activity and prosperity.

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10
Q

What does laissez-faire mean?

A

A policy of minimal government intervention in the economy

This approach promotes free-market capitalism.

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11
Q

What are tariffs?

A

Taxes imposed on imported goods

Tariffs are used to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

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12
Q

What is an assembly line?

A

A manufacturing process where products are made in a sequential manner

This method increases efficiency and production speed.

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13
Q

Give two areas which did not benefit from the economic boom.

A
  • Agriculture
  • Mining

These sectors faced challenges despite overall economic growth.

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14
Q

Give two reasons agriculture faced challenges in the 1920s.

A
  • Overproduction
  • Falling prices

These factors led to economic difficulties for farmers.

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15
Q

What was the Bull Market?

A

A period of rising stock prices

This market condition encourages buying and increases investor confidence.

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16
Q

What is speculation?

A

Investing in stocks with the hope of making a profit from price changes

Speculation can lead to market volatility and risk.

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17
Q

Give two weaknesses of the banking system.

A
  • Lack of regulation
  • Inadequate reserves

These weaknesses contributed to the financial instability leading up to the Great Depression.

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18
Q

When was Black Tuesday?

A

October 29, 1929

This day marked the stock market crash that initiated the Great Depression.

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19
Q

Give 3 examples of positive changes for people in 1920s American society.

A
  • Increased consumer goods availability
  • Rise of leisure activities
  • Greater access to education

These changes contributed to a more modern American lifestyle.

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20
Q

Give 2 examples of how the role of women changed in the 1920s.

A
  • Gained the right to vote
  • Increased participation in the workforce

These changes marked significant progress in women’s rights.

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21
Q

What was the Red Scare?

A

A period of intense fear of communism in the US

This fear led to widespread paranoia and government crackdowns on suspected radicals.

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22
Q

How many members did the KKK have at their peak?

A

Approximately 4-5 million

This membership reflected the organization’s significant influence during the 1920s.

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23
Q

What Act banned the production, sale and transport of alcohol?

A

Volstead Act

This act was part of the Prohibition era in the United States.

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24
Q

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A

A cultural movement celebrating African American art, music, and literature

This movement highlighted the contributions of Black artists and intellectuals.

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25
Q

Give two examples of Jazz musicians popular in the 1920s.

A
  • Louis Armstrong
  • Duke Ellington

These musicians were influential figures in the Jazz Age.

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26
Q

What percentage of the US population lived below the poverty line in 1928?

A

42%

This statistic indicates a significant level of poverty despite the overall economic boom.

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27
Q

How many people earned a living through farming in the 1920s?

A

30 million

This figure highlights the importance of agriculture in the American economy during this period.

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28
Q

What technological advancements affected farming in the 1920s?

A

Combine harvesters

These machines made American farming the most efficient in the world.

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29
Q

Why did grain prices collapse after World War I?

A

Increased competition and surplus production

European farmers could meet their own needs, and Canadian farmers flooded the market.

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30
Q

What were some reasons for the decline in grain prices from $2.5 to $1 per bushel?

A
  • Prohibition reduced demand for grain
  • Higher living standards led to less cereal consumption
  • Technological advances increased crop production
  • Greater use of tractors decreased demand for animal food
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31
Q

What happened to the number of farms between 1920 and 1930?

A

Declined for the first time in American history

This decline was a significant event for the agricultural sector.

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32
Q

What percentage of black farm workers lost their jobs in the 1920s?

A

75%

This loss contributed to a significant migration to northern cities.

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33
Q

By the end of the 1920s, what percentage of black people lived in northern cities?

A

25%

This migration was driven by the search for better job opportunities.

34
Q

What was the status of women in the workforce by 1930?

A

Limited career opportunities; most were in low-paid jobs

Despite some jobs available, women’s overall employment status did not improve significantly.

35
Q

How many women were domestic servants in the 1920s?

A

700,000

This reflects the limited job options available to women during this time.

36
Q

What percentage of judges or lawyers were female in the 1920s?

A

Less than 2%

This statistic illustrates the gender disparity in professional fields.

37
Q

What challenges did new immigrants face in the 1920s?

A

Discrimination and low wages

Many new immigrants were often less educated and worked in construction.

38
Q

What industries benefited from modernisation in the 1920s?

A

Steel industry

This industry experienced huge demand and expansion.

39
Q

What was the typical outcome for workers in raw material industries during the 1920s?

A

Suffering due to overproduction and falling wages

This led to mine closures and a decline in working conditions.

40
Q

What improvements did many middle-class white Americans experience during the boom?

A

Ability to buy homes and cars

This reflects the economic growth experienced by this demographic.

41
Q

What cultural industry grew due to the introduction of electricity?

A

Household electrical goods industry

This growth also spurred the entertainment industry.

42
Q

True or False: Prohibition was seen by many middle-class white Americans as a way to control immigrant populations.

A

True

Prohibition was viewed as a method to assert social control.

43
Q

What was claimed about KKK membership by 1921?

A

100,000 members

This number reflects the claims made regarding the size of the KKK during that time.

44
Q

What was KKK membership by 1929?

A

200,000 members

This indicates a decline in membership from earlier years.

45
Q

In which areas did the KKK have very little influence?

A

Big cities

The Klan was more influential in rural areas and small towns.

46
Q

How many members did Hiram Wesley Evans claim the KKK had in 1923?

A

5 million members

This claim illustrates the inflated membership figures promoted by KKK leaders.

47
Q

What type of communities primarily supported the KKK?

A

Small towns and rural cities

The KKK’s base was predominantly in less urbanized areas.

48
Q

What significant event took place in 1926 involving the KKK?

A

March down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington DC

This event marked a peak in the KKK’s visibility and popularity.

49
Q

What was the political affiliation of both Georgia senators at one point?

A

Klansmen

This indicates the KKK’s influence within state politics.

50
Q

Who did the KKK work to destroy the campaign of in 1924?

A

Al Smith

Al Smith was a Catholic New Yorker nominated for president.

51
Q

What allegation was made about the KKK’s influence in 1924?

A

Helped to elect governors in Maine, Ohio, and Louisiana

This suggests the KKK’s political influence extended beyond local elections.

52
Q

What did Kathleen Blee’s work reveal about KKK membership?

A

Not just restricted to the poor but increasingly involved the middle class

This highlights a shift in the demographic of KKK members.

53
Q

By 1930, what happened to the KKK’s power and influence on the national stage?

A

Broken

Despite this, local terrorism continued.

54
Q

Where did Kathleen Blee show dramatic increases in KKK membership?

A

Northern areas like Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois

This counters the belief that the KKK was only a Southern phenomenon.

55
Q

Who was David Curtis Stephenson?

A

Grand Dragon of the Indiana Klans

He had significant control over Indiana by 1924.

56
Q

What was the KKK’s stance towards Al Smith again in 1924?

A

Fought energetically against him

This illustrates the KKK’s active involvement in political campaigns.

57
Q

What were illegal drinking dens called during Prohibition?

A

Speakeasies

Speakeasies were secret bars that operated illegally during the Prohibition era.

58
Q

Who was a prominent gangster associated with organized crime during Prohibition?

A

Al Capone

Al Capone was one of the most infamous gangsters during the Prohibition era, known for his involvement in illegal activities.

59
Q

How did Prohibition affect women’s social freedoms?

A

Women became freer as they drank in the Speakeasies

Women were not allowed in traditional saloons, making Speakeasies a space for greater social freedom.

60
Q

What issue did the government face regarding Prohibition enforcement?

A

Did not create enough organisations to police prohibition properly

This lack of enforcement led to widespread illegal drinking.

61
Q

What became popular as a result of some people obeying Prohibition?

A

Non alcoholic cocktails

These drinks were created for those who chose not to drink alcohol.

62
Q

Who entertained in the Speakeasies during Prohibition?

A

Black musicians

This period allowed black musicians to gain more visibility and opportunities.

63
Q

What term describes people who made their own alcoholic drinks during Prohibition?

A

Bootleggers

Bootleggers illegally produced and distributed alcohol.

64
Q

True or False: Thousands obeyed the law and did not drink during Prohibition.

A

True

While many broke the law, a significant number adhered to it.

65
Q

What was one potential positive effect of Prohibition on some Americans?

A

Prevented some Americans from being alcoholics

Prohibition may have led to fewer people developing alcohol addiction.

66
Q

What was a significant issue with law enforcement during Prohibition?

A

Policeman and politicians were corrupt

Corruption included bribery, particularly in cities like New York.

67
Q

By what percentage did alcohol consumption fall during Prohibition?

A

One third

This statistic reflects the decline in legal alcohol consumption.

68
Q

What lifestyle change did Prohibition encourage for some families?

A

Spent more time with their families

Some individuals reduced their drinking and focused on family activities.

69
Q

How many women were in state legislatures by 1928

A

145 women in 38 state legislatures.

70
Q

How did women vote in the 1920 Presidential election?

A

Women voted similarly to their male relatives along regional, class, racial, or religious lines.

71
Q

Why was there resistance to votes for women in the South?

A

Southern concerns that women’s votes could lead to greater rights for African Americans.

72
Q

What progress did women make in the 1920s?

A

Some progress in freedom within society, such as access to birth control and increased participation in the workforce.

73
Q

How many women worked in domestic jobs by 1930?

A

Over 10 million women in various domestic jobs.

74
Q

How did the beauty industry change in the 1920s?

A

The cosmetics industry grew from $17 million to $200 million by the decade’s end.

75
Q

How did women’s workforce participation change by the end of the 1920s?

A

There was a 25% increase in women working.

76
Q

What cultural changes occurred for women in the 1920s?

A

Women smoked in public, drove cars, and wore more modern clothes like knee-length, lightweight dresses.

77
Q

who was maragaret sanger and why was she important

A

advocated for birth control and set up the American Birth Control League

78
Q

how did the flapper change opinions

A

women were seen as more free and liberal, their sexuality also increasingly recognised

79
Q

What was the 1917 Literacy Test?

A

Immigrants had to read a 40-word passage to enter, disadvantaging Eastern Europeans, Italians, and Russians.

80
Q

What was a key factor of overproduction in the 1920s?

A

The U.S. produced too many goods with no market to sell them, as overseas tariffs and Americans had already bought what they needed.

81
Q

How did uneven distribution of wealth affect the economy?

A

Rural areas in the South lacked the money to buy goods, leading to a slowdown in demand

82
Q

What were the weaknesses in the banking system?

A

Banks were unregulated and lent money to stock market speculators, leading to losses when the crash occurred.

History (5 decks)

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