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usa boom and bust t1 Flashcards

1
Q

Give three push factors that encouraged people to move to America.

A
  • Economic hardship
  • Political instability
  • Religious persecution

Push factors are conditions that drive people to leave their home country.

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2
Q

Give three pull factors that encouraged people to move to America.

A
  • Economic opportunity
  • Political freedom
  • Religious tolerance

Pull factors are conditions that attract people to a new country.

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3
Q

Give two specific examples to prove that the USA was not a melting pot.

A
  • Segregation laws
  • Ethnic enclaves

The concept of a melting pot suggests integration, which was often contradicted by societal divisions.

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4
Q

Give one positive effect of WW1 on the US economy.

A

Increased industrial production

The war effort led to a demand for goods, boosting the economy.

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5
Q

Give one negative effect of WW1 on the US economy.

A

Post-war recession

The economy faced challenges as wartime production decreased after the war.

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6
Q

Give a specific example of how the US government limited social liberties of American people.

A

Espionage Act of 1917

This act restricted free speech and allowed for the prosecution of dissenters.

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7
Q

Give a specific example of how the federal government gained more power as a result of WW1.

A

Creation of the War Industries Board

This board coordinated industrial production for the war effort.

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8
Q

What is hire purchase?

A

A system of buying goods through installments

This allowed consumers to pay for items over time rather than upfront.

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9
Q

What caused the economic boom in the 1920s?

A
  • Mass production
  • Consumerism
  • Technological advancements

These factors contributed to increased economic activity and prosperity.

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10
Q

What does laissez-faire mean?

A

A policy of minimal government intervention in the economy

This approach promotes free-market capitalism.

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11
Q

What are tariffs?

A

Taxes imposed on imported goods

Tariffs are used to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

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12
Q

What is an assembly line?

A

A manufacturing process where products are made in a sequential manner

This method increases efficiency and production speed.

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13
Q

Give two areas which did not benefit from the economic boom.

A
  • Agriculture
  • Mining

These sectors faced challenges despite overall economic growth.

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14
Q

Give two reasons agriculture faced challenges in the 1920s.

A
  • Overproduction
  • Falling prices

These factors led to economic difficulties for farmers.

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15
Q

What was the Bull Market?

A

A period of rising stock prices

This market condition encourages buying and increases investor confidence.

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16
Q

What is speculation?

A

Investing in stocks with the hope of making a profit from price changes

Speculation can lead to market volatility and risk.

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17
Q

Give two weaknesses of the banking system.

A
  • Lack of regulation
  • Inadequate reserves

These weaknesses contributed to the financial instability leading up to the Great Depression.

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18
Q

When was Black Tuesday?

A

October 29, 1929

This day marked the stock market crash that initiated the Great Depression.

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19
Q

Give 3 examples of positive changes for people in 1920s American society.

A
  • Increased consumer goods availability
  • Rise of leisure activities
  • Greater access to education

These changes contributed to a more modern American lifestyle.

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20
Q

Give 2 examples of how the role of women changed in the 1920s.

A
  • Gained the right to vote
  • Increased participation in the workforce

These changes marked significant progress in women’s rights.

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21
Q

What was the Red Scare?

A

A period of intense fear of communism in the US

This fear led to widespread paranoia and government crackdowns on suspected radicals.

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22
Q

How many members did the KKK have at their peak?

A

Approximately 4-5 million

This membership reflected the organization’s significant influence during the 1920s.

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23
Q

What Act banned the production, sale and transport of alcohol?

A

Volstead Act

This act was part of the Prohibition era in the United States.

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24
Q

What was the Harlem Renaissance?

A

A cultural movement celebrating African American art, music, and literature

This movement highlighted the contributions of Black artists and intellectuals.

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25
Give two examples of Jazz musicians popular in the 1920s.
* Louis Armstrong * Duke Ellington ## Footnote These musicians were influential figures in the Jazz Age.
26
What percentage of the US population lived below the poverty line in 1928?
42% ## Footnote This statistic indicates a significant level of poverty despite the overall economic boom.
27
How many people earned a living through farming in the 1920s?
30 million ## Footnote This figure highlights the importance of agriculture in the American economy during this period.
28
What technological advancements affected farming in the 1920s?
Combine harvesters ## Footnote These machines made American farming the most efficient in the world.
29
Why did grain prices collapse after World War I?
Increased competition and surplus production grain was also less needed from the prohibition ## Footnote European farmers could meet their own needs, and Canadian farmers flooded the market.
30
What were some reasons for the decline in grain prices from $2.5 to $1 per bushel?
* Prohibition reduced demand for grain * Higher living standards led to less cereal consumption * Technological advances increased crop production * Greater use of tractors decreased demand for animal food
31
What happened to the number of farms between 1920 and 1930?
Declined for the first time in American history ## Footnote This decline was a significant event for the agricultural sector.
32
What percentage of black farm workers lost their jobs in the 1920s?
75% ## Footnote This loss contributed to a significant migration to northern cities.
33
By the end of the 1920s, what percentage of black people lived in northern cities?
25% ## Footnote This migration was driven by the search for better job opportunities.
34
What was the status of women in the workforce by 1930?
Limited career opportunities; most were in low-paid jobs ## Footnote Despite some jobs available, women's overall employment status did not improve significantly.
35
How many women were domestic servants in the 1920s?
700,000 ## Footnote This reflects the limited job options available to women during this time.
36
What percentage of judges or lawyers were female in the 1920s?
Less than 2% ## Footnote This statistic illustrates the gender disparity in professional fields.
37
What challenges did new immigrants face in the 1920s?
Discrimination and low wages ## Footnote Many new immigrants were often less educated and worked in construction.
38
What industries benefited from modernisation in the 1920s?
Steel industry ## Footnote This industry experienced huge demand and expansion.
39
What was the typical outcome for workers in raw material industries during the 1920s?
Suffering due to overproduction and falling wages ## Footnote This led to mine closures and a decline in working conditions.
40
What improvements did many middle-class white Americans experience during the boom?
Ability to buy homes and cars ## Footnote This reflects the economic growth experienced by this demographic.
41
What cultural industry grew due to the introduction of electricity?
Household electrical goods industry ## Footnote This growth also spurred the entertainment industry.
42
True or False: Prohibition was seen by many middle-class white Americans as a way to control immigrant populations.
True ## Footnote Prohibition was viewed as a method to assert social control.
43
What was claimed about KKK membership by 1921?
100,000 members ## Footnote This number reflects the claims made regarding the size of the KKK during that time.
44
What was KKK membership by 1929?
200,000 members ## Footnote This indicates a decline in membership from earlier years.
45
In which areas did the KKK have very little influence?
Big cities ## Footnote The Klan was more influential in rural areas and small towns.
46
How many members did Hiram Wesley Evans claim the KKK had in 1923?
5 million members ## Footnote This claim illustrates the inflated membership figures promoted by KKK leaders.
47
What type of communities primarily supported the KKK?
Small towns and rural cities ## Footnote The KKK's base was predominantly in less urbanized areas.
48
What significant event took place in 1926 involving the KKK?
March down Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington DC ## Footnote This event marked a peak in the KKK's visibility and popularity.
49
What was the political affiliation of both Georgia senators at one point?
Klansmen ## Footnote This indicates the KKK's influence within state politics.
50
Who did the KKK work to destroy the campaign of in 1924?
Al Smith ## Footnote Al Smith was a Catholic New Yorker nominated for president.
51
What allegation was made about the KKK's influence in 1924?
Helped to elect governors in Maine, Ohio, and Louisiana ## Footnote This suggests the KKK's political influence extended beyond local elections.
52
What did Kathleen Blee's work reveal about KKK membership?
Not just restricted to the poor but increasingly involved the middle class ## Footnote This highlights a shift in the demographic of KKK members.
53
By 1930, what happened to the KKK's power and influence on the national stage?
Broken ## Footnote Despite this, local terrorism continued.
54
Where did Kathleen Blee show dramatic increases in KKK membership?
Northern areas like Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois ## Footnote This counters the belief that the KKK was only a Southern phenomenon.
55
Who was David Curtis Stephenson?
Grand Dragon of the Indiana Klans ## Footnote He had significant control over Indiana by 1924.
56
What was the KKK's stance towards Al Smith again in 1924?
Fought energetically against him ## Footnote This illustrates the KKK's active involvement in political campaigns.
57
What were illegal drinking dens called during Prohibition?
Speakeasies ## Footnote Speakeasies were secret bars that operated illegally during the Prohibition era.
58
Who was a prominent gangster associated with organized crime during Prohibition?
Al Capone ## Footnote Al Capone was one of the most infamous gangsters during the Prohibition era, known for his involvement in illegal activities.
59
How did Prohibition affect women's social freedoms?
Women became freer as they drank in the Speakeasies ## Footnote Women were not allowed in traditional saloons, making Speakeasies a space for greater social freedom.
60
What issue did the government face regarding Prohibition enforcement?
Did not create enough organisations to police prohibition properly ## Footnote This lack of enforcement led to widespread illegal drinking.
61
What became popular as a result of some people obeying Prohibition?
Non alcoholic cocktails ## Footnote These drinks were created for those who chose not to drink alcohol.
62
Who entertained in the Speakeasies during Prohibition?
Black musicians ## Footnote This period allowed black musicians to gain more visibility and opportunities.
63
What term describes people who made their own alcoholic drinks during Prohibition?
Bootleggers ## Footnote Bootleggers illegally produced and distributed alcohol.
64
True or False: Thousands obeyed the law and did not drink during Prohibition.
True ## Footnote While many broke the law, a significant number adhered to it.
65
What was one potential positive effect of Prohibition on some Americans?
Prevented some Americans from being alcoholics ## Footnote Prohibition may have led to fewer people developing alcohol addiction.
66
What was a significant issue with law enforcement during Prohibition?
Policeman and politicians were corrupt ## Footnote Corruption included bribery, particularly in cities like New York.
67
By what fraction did alcohol consumption fall during Prohibition?
One third ## Footnote This statistic reflects the decline in legal alcohol consumption.
68
What lifestyle change did Prohibition encourage for some families?
Spent more time with their families ## Footnote Some individuals reduced their drinking and focused on family activities.
69
How many women were in state legislatures by 1928
145 women in 38 state legislatures.
70
How did women vote in the 1920 Presidential election?
Women voted similarly to their male relatives along regional, class, racial, or religious lines.
71
Why was there resistance to votes for women in the South?
Southern concerns that women’s votes could lead to greater rights for African Americans.
72
What progress did women make in the 1920s?
Some progress in freedom within society, such as access to birth control and increased participation in the workforce.
73
How many women worked in domestic jobs by 1930?
Over 10 million women in various domestic jobs.
74
How did the beauty industry change in the 1920s?
The cosmetics industry grew from $17 million to $200 million by the decade's end.
75
How did women's workforce participation change by the end of the 1920s? percentage
There was a 25% increase in women working.
76
What cultural changes occurred for women in the 1920s?
Women smoked in public, drove cars, and wore more modern clothes like knee-length, lightweight dresses.
77
who was maragaret sanger and why was she important
advocated for birth control and set up the American Birth Control League
78
how did the flapper change opinions
women were seen as more free and liberal, their sexuality also increasingly recognised
79
What was the 1917 Literacy Test?
Immigrants had to read a 40-word passage to enter, disadvantaging Eastern Europeans, Italians, and Russians.
80
What was a key factor of overproduction in the 1920s?
The U.S. produced too many goods with no market to sell them, as overseas tariffs and Americans had already bought what they needed.
81
How did uneven distribution of wealth affect the economy?
Rural areas in the South lacked the money to buy goods, leading to a slowdown in demand
82
What were the weaknesses in the banking system?
Banks were unregulated and lent money to stock market speculators, leading to losses when the crash occurred.
83
Name two famous jazz musicians from the 1920s
Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington.
84
What movement celebrated African American culture through music, literature, and art during the 1920s
the harlem renaissance
85
How did baseball reflect the racial segregation of the time?
The Negro Leagues were created for African American players, as Major League Baseball was segregated.
86
What was the impact of radio on baseball during the 1920s?
It made baseball games accessible to a national audience, increasing the sport's popularity
87
How did baseball reflect the consumer culture of the 1920s?
Increased advertising and sponsorships turned baseball into a commercialized, profitable industry
88
How did radio impact American culture in the 1920s?
revolutionized mass communication, spreading news, entertainment, and advertisements
89
By 1929, approximately how many American households owned a radio?
Around 10 million households.
90
What types of programs were popular on 1920s radio?
Music, news, sports, and comedy shows
91
How did radio change the way Americans experienced news events?
immediate, real-time coverage, creating a sense of national connection.
92
Name two famous movie stars of the 1920s.
Charlie Chaplin and Clara Bow
93
What was the impact of cinema on American culture?
shaped fashion trends and influenced slang
94
How did the film industry benefit from consumer culture?
Movie stars were used in advertising campaigns
95
What impact did cinema have on women’s roles in society?
female stars like Greta Garbo challenged traditional gender norms, promoting flapper culture and independence

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