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History Big Questions > USA 1920s Boom 💰 > Flashcards

USA 1920s Boom 💰 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the USA join the war?

A

1917 so they lost fewer respufces

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2
Q

What industry did America take over from the USA?

A

Germany’s chemical industry

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3
Q

When was the first moving assembly line?

A

1913 by Henry Ford

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4
Q

How many cars were made in 1900 and 1929?

A 
1900 = 4000 cars made
1929 = 4.8 mil cars made
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5
Q

How many cars were there in 1919 and 1929?

A 
1919 = 9 mil cars
1929 = 26 mil cars
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6
Q

Name 3 effects of car production

A

Oil, rubber, glass, steel, road building, petrol stations

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7
Q

How much glass was used in cars %?

A

75% of all glass was used in cars

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8
Q

How much did industrial production increase by in the 1920s?

A

50% increase

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9
Q

How much was spent on advertising per year?

A

$3 billion

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10
Q

How many radios were bought on credit?

A

8/10 radios

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11
Q

How many cars were bought on credit?

A

6/10 cars

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12
Q

Who was the Secretary Of the Treasury for most of the 1920s?

A

Andrew Mellon

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13
Q

Name 4 republican policies

A

Import tariffs, Laissez Faire, low taxation, normalcy

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14
Q

What are import tariffs and give an example

A

Tax in foreign goods meant people bought cheaper American goods
Eg. Fordney McCumber Tariff Act of 1922

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15
Q

Define laissez faire

A

govt stayed out of business affairs

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16
Q

Define normalcy

A

Normalcy kept America out of world politics and problems

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17
Q

Name 3 things America could do with raw materials

A
  • get money by exporting it
  • save money by stopping imports
  • make consumer hoods
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18
Q

What did many people buy in companies?

A

Shares

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19
Q

Why did people begin to sell the shares they had bought?

A

They could make large profits of them

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20
Q

What was the first mail order catalogue?

A

Sears, Roebuck catalgoue

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21
Q

How did hire purchase effect employment?

A

More demand meant more jobs and wages

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22
Q

How did hire purchase effect disposable income of Americans?

A

More people could afford to buy products which increased demand

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23
Q

How did hire purchase effect assembly lines?

A

Mass production increased

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24
Q

How did hire purchase effect businesses?

A

Made bigger profits which could be reinvested to expand

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25
Q

How many people were speculating by 1929?

A

20 million

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26
Q

How much was spent on share?

A

$9 billion

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27
Q

Who were given work thanks to assembly line production?

A

Unskilled workers / immigrants / women

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28
Q

How much did female employment increase by?

A

24%

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29
Q

What were the biggest contributors to the boom?

A

Cars

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30
Q

What plant did Ford own and with how many workers?

A

River Rouge and 80,000 workers

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31
Q

Where did middle class people move to?

A

Gross Point Park in the suburba

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32
Q

What entertainment did cities provide?

A

Jazz clubs and sports events

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33
Q

How many of workers at River Rouge were immigrants?

A

70%

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34
Q

What did flush toilets rose from and to?

A

20% to 51%

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35
Q

What did vacuum cleaners rise from and to?

A

9% and 30%

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36
Q

What did washing machines rise from and to?

A

8% to 24%

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37
Q

What did fridges rise from and to?

A

1% to 8%

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38
Q

On avg, how much time did women spend less on housework?

A

3 hours per week less

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39
Q

When was the busiest period of building in US history

A

1920s

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40
Q

What year was farmer income at $22 billion

A

1919

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41
Q

In what year was farmer income $13 billion?

A

1928

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42
Q

How many farms has electricity and mains water?

A

Less than 10%

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43
Q

How many Americans lived in rural areas?

A

1/2

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44
Q

How many farmers were forced off their land?

A

6 million

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45
Q

What pests decimated crops?

A

Boll Weevil

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46
Q

Competition from….?

A

Canada

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47
Q

How many semi-skilled workers had a car?

A

3%

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48
Q

How many black farm labourer’s lost their work in the 1920s?

A

1 million

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49
Q

What was and who were sharecroppers?

A

Black farmers - shared profits from cotton farming

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50
Q

What were coal workers wages?

A

1/3 of national average

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51
Q

What was coal being replaced by?

A

Hydro electric, natural gas and oil

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52
Q

When was there a strike in North Carolina?

A

1928

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53
Q

What caused the 1928 N.Carolina strike?

A

In coal/steel - men were paid $18 and women $9 for a 70hr week

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54
Q

What was seen as the minimum required for the basic standard of living?

A

$48

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55
Q

What were girls wages for how long and where in the textile industry?

A

Elizabeth Town, Tennessee

18c an hour for a 56hr week

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56
Q

What 2 laws did the Supreme Court overrule?

A

banning of child labour and it banned setting minimum wages

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57
Q

What % of wealth went to the bottom % of the population

A

10% wealth went to the bottom 42% of population

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58
Q

How many Americans lived below the poverty line

A

42%

59
Q

What were workers wages in 1919 and 1927

A

1919 - $1158

1927 - 1304

60
Q

How many millionaries in 1914 and 1928

A

1914 - 7000

1928 - 35000

61
Q

Despite the boom, what did unemployment stay at due to what?

A

4% due to electrification

62
Q

Why were people fleeing to the USA?

A

To escape poverty / escape persecution eg Jews / to find prosperity

63
Q

What was the melting pot theory?

A

All immigrants would forget their culture and be reformed as Americans

64
Q

What was the red scare?

A

When Americans were scared immigrants were bringing radical beliefs to USA

65
Q

How many race riots were there?

A

in 25 towns

66
Q

What evidence of the red scare was there?

A

400,000 workers went on strike, even the police, in Boston

67
Q

What do historians caused the red scare?

A

Strikes were caused by economic hardship and not Communism as war production had fallen and workers were being sacked

68
Q

Red Scare -

What happened in April 1919

A

a bomb killed 10 people in a Milwaukee church

69
Q

Red Scare -

What happened in May 1919

A

Letter bombs were posted to 36 prominent Americans

70
Q

Red Scare -

What happened in June 1919

A

Mitchell Palmer the US Attorney General was nearly killed

71
Q

Who built up how many files on the fact they were believed to be communist?

A

J Edgar Hoover built up 60,000 suspect files

72
Q

How many people were told they would be deported in 1919

A

10,000 immigrants

73
Q

What happened to Palmer and why?

A

He tried to build up his campaign for President based on fears of the red scare. He predicted there would be a Red Revolution in May 1920, and looked stupid when it didn’t happen

74
Q

Who were arrested in 1920 for what?

A

Sacco and Vanzeti on suspicion of armed robbery and murder

75
Q

How many of J Edgar Hoover’s files proved to be truthful?

A

556

76
Q

What were Sacco and Vanzetti’s beliefs?

A

Anarchists who believed in destroying American system by creating social disorder

77
Q

On trial, what did a judge call Sacco and Vanzetti?

A

“Those anarchist bastards”

78
Q

When were Sacco and Vanzetti executed?

A

1927

79
Q

Name a university for blacks?

A

Howard University

80
Q

What did the Black Capitalist Movement encourage?

A

Them to set up their own businesses

81
Q

What did people do to Chicago’s chain stores?

A

Boycotted them until they employed black people

82
Q

Name 2 high profile black americans

A

Actor Paul Robeson, writer Zora Hurston, poets Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen

83
Q

What did the NAACP stand for?

A

National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People

84
Q

What did the NAACP do?

A

set up campaigns to end racial segregation and lynchings

85
Q

How many branches and members did the NAACP have

A

300 branches, 90,000 members by 1919

86
Q

Who founded the UNIA and what does it stand for?

A

Marcus Garvey - Universal Negro Improvement Association

87
Q

What did the UNIA encourage?

A

Them to be proud of their race and helped them set up businesses eg. grocers, laundries

88
Q

How many members did the UNIA have and when?

A

1 million by 1921

89
Q

Name 3 continuing problems for blacks?

A

Slavery, poverty, no education nor jobs, they could vote but didn’t because of intimidation

90
Q

What did the KKK do?

A

Lynched, tar and feathered, branded them with acid

91
Q

How many lynching’s per year?

A

50

92
Q

How many members did the KKK have by what year?

A

5 mil by 1928

93
Q

Who was the leader of the KKK

A

Imperial Grand Wizard Hiram Wesley Evans

94
Q

What did NYC black population grow from and to?

A

150,000 to 330,000

95
Q

What was black life expectancy compared to whites and when?

A

48 years compared to 59 in 1930

96
Q

How many arrests did Moe Smith and Izzy Einstein make?

A

4392

97
Q

How much did alcohol consumption decline by during prohibition?

A

30-50%

98
Q

How many arrests had Prohibition Federal Agents made in 1921

A

34,175 arrests

99
Q

How many arrests had Prohibition Federal Agents made in 1929?

A

66,878

100
Q

How did death rate due to alcohol change during prohibition?

A

Decreased by 42%

101
Q

How did death rate due to cirrhosis of the liver change during prohibition?

A

Decreased by 70%

102
Q

What did crime decrease by during prohibiton

A

Decreased by 54%

103
Q

How much did insanity decrease by during prohibition?

A

Decreased by 66%

104
Q

How much and when did arrests for public drunkeness and disorderly conduct decline by during prohibition?

A

Decreased by 50% between 1916 and 1922

105
Q

What did people make during prohibition?

A

Moonshine

106
Q

What were illegal bars called?

A

Speakeasies

107
Q

Where was prohibition never even introduced?

A

Maryland

108
Q

By 1925, what was there more of than in 1919?

A

In 1925, there were more illegal speakeasies than legal bars in 1919

109
Q

What did George Remus give to agents to ignore his gang activities

A

$25,000 cufflinks

110
Q

How many agents were corrupt during prohibition

A

1/12

111
Q

Who was the corrupt mayor during prohibition

A

Bill Thompson in Chicago

112
Q

Name 3 gangsters

A

Al Capone, Torio, the Guizenburgs, O’Banion, Lucky Luciano, Bugs Moran

113
Q

How much did Al Capone make during prohibition

A

$60 million a year

114
Q

What was the St Valentine’s Day Massacre?

A

7 died in 1929 caught up in gang wars

115
Q

How many murders took place in Cooks County, Chicago

A

130 gangland murders in 2 years - no one was arrested!!

116
Q

How many murders happened in Chicago during probhibition

A

300

117
Q

How much was made overall by gangsters during prohibition?

A

$2 billion

118
Q

What health issues did Moonshine have during prohibition

A

Caused blindness, death

119
Q

What did Prohibition cause America to miss out on?

A

Vital and important taxes on alcohol

120
Q

Name 2 Hollywood films

A

When a Woman Sins, Up in Mabel’s Room

121
Q

Name 3 famous Hollywood stars

A

Theda Bara, Clara Bow, Rudolph Valentino

122
Q

How many states introduced the Hays Code and when?

A

36 states in 1930

123
Q

What did the Hays Code do?

A

censorship on the deluge of sex in Hollywood

124
Q

How many licensed radios in 1921 and 1922?

A

August 1921 - 1

1922 - 508

125
Q

How much were NBC making by what year?

A

$150 million by 1929

126
Q

Name 2 new dances

A

Charleston / Shimmy / Bunny Hug

127
Q

Name 2 baseball teams

A

New York Yankees / Boston Red Sox

128
Q

Name a famous boxer

A

Jack Dempsey

129
Q

When was the first “Talkie” released (a film with sound)

A

1927

130
Q

Name 3 uses of a car

A

carried owners to and from entertainment: sports events / picnics/ beach holidays / shopping

131
Q

Give 3 rules that women in rural areas must obide by?

A

restricted / behave politely / plain clothes / no makeup / controlled relationships / no sport / chaperoned / no vote / must be house wives

132
Q

How did the car improve women’s lives?

A

Gave them freedom

133
Q

When did women get the vote in all states?

A

1920

134
Q

How did electric goods improve women’s lives?

A

Less time spent on housework = more free time

135
Q

How many women worked in 1929? And this was what % more than 1920?

A

1929 = 10 million

24% more than 1924

136
Q

In what year was the divorce rate double of a what previous year?

A

By 1929, the divorce rate was double that of 1914

137
Q

Give an inspiration for women

A

Gloria Swanson - a liberating actor

Joan Crawford - a famous flapper

138
Q

By what year were the hems of skirts at knee level?

A

1927

139
Q

In what year did women go on strike in Elizabeth Town, Tennesse, and why did they go on strike?

A

1927, women paid 18cents an hour for a 56-hr week

140
Q

In what year did women go on strike in North Carolina, and why?

A

1928, women paid $9 for a 70-hr week

141
Q

What did some women think about how they were portrayed in films?

A

Outraged - some women couldn’t afford the new fashion

142
Q

What did older women form, rebelling against the new lifestyle of women?

A

The Anti-Flirt Club / Women’s Christian Temperance Society

143
Q

Who was Bessie Smith and what happened to her?

A

A black woman who had a serious car crash, taken to nearest hospital which was for whites only, hospital refused to treat her and she died

History Big Questions (5 decks)

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