USA 1920s Boom 💰 Flashcards
1
Q
When did the USA join the war?
A
1917 so they lost fewer respufces
2
Q
What industry did America take over from the USA?
A
Germany’s chemical industry
3
Q
When was the first moving assembly line?
A
1913 by Henry Ford
4
Q
How many cars were made in 1900 and 1929?
A
1900 = 4000 cars made 1929 = 4.8 mil cars made
5
Q
How many cars were there in 1919 and 1929?
A
1919 = 9 mil cars 1929 = 26 mil cars
6
Q
Name 3 effects of car production
A
Oil, rubber, glass, steel, road building, petrol stations
7
Q
How much glass was used in cars %?
A
75% of all glass was used in cars
8
Q
How much did industrial production increase by in the 1920s?
A
50% increase
9
Q
How much was spent on advertising per year?
A
$3 billion
10
Q
How many radios were bought on credit?
A
8/10 radios
11
Q
How many cars were bought on credit?
A
6/10 cars
12
Q
Who was the Secretary Of the Treasury for most of the 1920s?
A
Andrew Mellon
13
Q
Name 4 republican policies
A
Import tariffs, Laissez Faire, low taxation, normalcy
14
Q
What are import tariffs and give an example
A
Tax in foreign goods meant people bought cheaper American goods
Eg. Fordney McCumber Tariff Act of 1922
15
Q
Define laissez faire
A
govt stayed out of business affairs
16
Q
Define normalcy
A
Normalcy kept America out of world politics and problems
17
Q
Name 3 things America could do with raw materials
A
- get money by exporting it
- save money by stopping imports
- make consumer hoods
18
Q
What did many people buy in companies?
A
Shares
19
Q
Why did people begin to sell the shares they had bought?
A
They could make large profits of them
20
Q
What was the first mail order catalogue?
A
Sears, Roebuck catalgoue
21
Q
How did hire purchase effect employment?
A
More demand meant more jobs and wages
22
Q
How did hire purchase effect disposable income of Americans?
A
More people could afford to buy products which increased demand
23
Q
How did hire purchase effect assembly lines?
A
Mass production increased
24
Q
How did hire purchase effect businesses?
A
Made bigger profits which could be reinvested to expand
25
How many people were speculating by 1929?
20 million
26
How much was spent on share?
$9 billion
27
Who were given work thanks to assembly line production?
Unskilled workers / immigrants / women
28
How much did female employment increase by?
24%
29
What were the biggest contributors to the boom?
Cars
30
What plant did Ford own and with how many workers?
River Rouge and 80,000 workers
31
Where did middle class people move to?
Gross Point Park in the suburba
32
What entertainment did cities provide?
Jazz clubs and sports events
33
How many of workers at River Rouge were immigrants?
70%
34
What did flush toilets rose from and to?
20% to 51%
35
What did vacuum cleaners rise from and to?
9% and 30%
36
What did washing machines rise from and to?
8% to 24%
37
What did fridges rise from and to?
1% to 8%
38
On avg, how much time did women spend less on housework?
3 hours per week less
39
When was the busiest period of building in US history
1920s
40
What year was farmer income at $22 billion
1919
41
In what year was farmer income $13 billion?
1928
42
How many farms has electricity and mains water?
Less than 10%
43
How many Americans lived in rural areas?
1/2
44
How many farmers were forced off their land?
6 million
45
What pests decimated crops?
Boll Weevil
46
Competition from....?
Canada
47
How many semi-skilled workers had a car?
3%
48
How many black farm labourer's lost their work in the 1920s?
1 million
49
What was and who were sharecroppers?
Black farmers - shared profits from cotton farming
50
What were coal workers wages?
1/3 of national average
51
What was coal being replaced by?
Hydro electric, natural gas and oil
52
When was there a strike in North Carolina?
1928
53
What caused the 1928 N.Carolina strike?
In coal/steel - men were paid $18 and women $9 for a 70hr week
54
What was seen as the minimum required for the basic standard of living?
$48
55
What were girls wages for how long and where in the textile industry?
Elizabeth Town, Tennessee
| 18c an hour for a 56hr week
56
What 2 laws did the Supreme Court overrule?
banning of child labour and it banned setting minimum wages
57
What % of wealth went to the bottom % of the population
10% wealth went to the bottom 42% of population
58
How many Americans lived below the poverty line
42%
59
What were workers wages in 1919 and 1927
1919 - $1158
| 1927 - 1304
60
How many millionaries in 1914 and 1928
1914 - 7000
| 1928 - 35000
61
Despite the boom, what did unemployment stay at due to what?
4% due to electrification
62
Why were people fleeing to the USA?
To escape poverty / escape persecution eg Jews / to find prosperity
63
What was the melting pot theory?
All immigrants would forget their culture and be reformed as Americans
64
What was the red scare?
When Americans were scared immigrants were bringing radical beliefs to USA
65
How many race riots were there?
in 25 towns
66
What evidence of the red scare was there?
400,000 workers went on strike, even the police, in Boston
67
What do historians caused the red scare?
Strikes were caused by economic hardship and not Communism as war production had fallen and workers were being sacked
68
Red Scare -
What happened in April 1919
a bomb killed 10 people in a Milwaukee church
69
Red Scare -
What happened in May 1919
Letter bombs were posted to 36 prominent Americans
70
Red Scare -
What happened in June 1919
Mitchell Palmer the US Attorney General was nearly killed
71
Who built up how many files on the fact they were believed to be communist?
J Edgar Hoover built up 60,000 suspect files
72
How many people were told they would be deported in 1919
10,000 immigrants
73
What happened to Palmer and why?
He tried to build up his campaign for President based on fears of the red scare. He predicted there would be a Red Revolution in May 1920, and looked stupid when it didn't happen
74
Who were arrested in 1920 for what?
Sacco and Vanzeti on suspicion of armed robbery and murder
75
How many of J Edgar Hoover's files proved to be truthful?
556
76
What were Sacco and Vanzetti's beliefs?
Anarchists who believed in destroying American system by creating social disorder
77
On trial, what did a judge call Sacco and Vanzetti?
"Those anarchist bastards"
78
When were Sacco and Vanzetti executed?
1927
79
Name a university for blacks?
Howard University
80
What did the Black Capitalist Movement encourage?
Them to set up their own businesses
81
What did people do to Chicago's chain stores?
Boycotted them until they employed black people
82
Name 2 high profile black americans
Actor Paul Robeson, writer Zora Hurston, poets Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen
83
What did the NAACP stand for?
National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People
84
What did the NAACP do?
set up campaigns to end racial segregation and lynchings
85
How many branches and members did the NAACP have
300 branches, 90,000 members by 1919
86
Who founded the UNIA and what does it stand for?
Marcus Garvey - Universal Negro Improvement Association
87
What did the UNIA encourage?
Them to be proud of their race and helped them set up businesses eg. grocers, laundries
88
How many members did the UNIA have and when?
1 million by 1921
89
Name 3 continuing problems for blacks?
Slavery, poverty, no education nor jobs, they could vote but didn't because of intimidation
90
What did the KKK do?
Lynched, tar and feathered, branded them with acid
91
How many lynching's per year?
50
92
How many members did the KKK have by what year?
5 mil by 1928
93
Who was the leader of the KKK
Imperial Grand Wizard Hiram Wesley Evans
94
What did NYC black population grow from and to?
150,000 to 330,000
95
What was black life expectancy compared to whites and when?
48 years compared to 59 in 1930
96
How many arrests did Moe Smith and Izzy Einstein make?
4392
97
How much did alcohol consumption decline by during prohibition?
30-50%
98
How many arrests had Prohibition Federal Agents made in 1921
34,175 arrests
99
How many arrests had Prohibition Federal Agents made in 1929?
66,878
100
How did death rate due to alcohol change during prohibition?
Decreased by 42%
101
How did death rate due to cirrhosis of the liver change during prohibition?
Decreased by 70%
102
What did crime decrease by during prohibiton
Decreased by 54%
103
How much did insanity decrease by during prohibition?
Decreased by 66%
104
How much and when did arrests for public drunkeness and disorderly conduct decline by during prohibition?
Decreased by 50% between 1916 and 1922
105
What did people make during prohibition?
Moonshine
106
What were illegal bars called?
Speakeasies
107
Where was prohibition never even introduced?
Maryland
108
By 1925, what was there more of than in 1919?
In 1925, there were more illegal speakeasies than legal bars in 1919
109
What did George Remus give to agents to ignore his gang activities
$25,000 cufflinks
110
How many agents were corrupt during prohibition
1/12
111
Who was the corrupt mayor during prohibition
Bill Thompson in Chicago
112
Name 3 gangsters
Al Capone, Torio, the Guizenburgs, O’Banion, Lucky Luciano, Bugs Moran
113
How much did Al Capone make during prohibition
$60 million a year
114
What was the St Valentine’s Day Massacre?
7 died in 1929 caught up in gang wars
115
How many murders took place in Cooks County, Chicago
130 gangland murders in 2 years - no one was arrested!!
116
How many murders happened in Chicago during probhibition
300
117
How much was made overall by gangsters during prohibition?
$2 billion
118
What health issues did Moonshine have during prohibition
Caused blindness, death
119
What did Prohibition cause America to miss out on?
Vital and important taxes on alcohol
120
Name 2 Hollywood films
When a Woman Sins, Up in Mabel's Room
121
Name 3 famous Hollywood stars
Theda Bara, Clara Bow, Rudolph Valentino
122
How many states introduced the Hays Code and when?
36 states in 1930
123
What did the Hays Code do?
censorship on the deluge of sex in Hollywood
124
How many licensed radios in 1921 and 1922?
August 1921 - 1
| 1922 - 508
125
How much were NBC making by what year?
$150 million by 1929
126
Name 2 new dances
Charleston / Shimmy / Bunny Hug
127
Name 2 baseball teams
New York Yankees / Boston Red Sox
128
Name a famous boxer
Jack Dempsey
129
When was the first "Talkie" released (a film with sound)
1927
130
Name 3 uses of a car
carried owners to and from entertainment: sports events / picnics/ beach holidays / shopping
131
Give 3 rules that women in rural areas must obide by?
restricted / behave politely / plain clothes / no makeup / controlled relationships / no sport / chaperoned / no vote / must be house wives
132
How did the car improve women's lives?
Gave them freedom
133
When did women get the vote in all states?
1920
134
How did electric goods improve women's lives?
Less time spent on housework = more free time
135
How many women worked in 1929? And this was what % more than 1920?
1929 = 10 million
| 24% more than 1924
136
In what year was the divorce rate double of a what previous year?
By 1929, the divorce rate was double that of 1914
137
Give an inspiration for women
Gloria Swanson - a liberating actor
| Joan Crawford - a famous flapper
138
By what year were the hems of skirts at knee level?
1927
139
In what year did women go on strike in Elizabeth Town, Tennesse, and why did they go on strike?
1927, women paid 18cents an hour for a 56-hr week
140
In what year did women go on strike in North Carolina, and why?
1928, women paid $9 for a 70-hr week
141
What did some women think about how they were portrayed in films?
Outraged - some women couldn't afford the new fashion
142
What did older women form, rebelling against the new lifestyle of women?
The Anti-Flirt Club / Women's Christian Temperance Society
143
Who was Bessie Smith and what happened to her?
A black woman who had a serious car crash, taken to nearest hospital which was for whites only, hospital refused to treat her and she died
