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History Big Questions > ASIA - Korea 🇰🇵🇰🇷 > Flashcards

ASIA - Korea 🇰🇵🇰🇷 Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Korea forced to become a protectorate of Japan?

A

1905

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2
Q

What did the Japan-Korea Treaty of 1910 do and when exactly?

A

29th August started the annexation of the Korean Empire by Imperial Japan - Korea refused to sign the treaty, and now Korea legally must do Japan’s orders

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3
Q

Who and when tried to assassinate Emperor Hirohito in Tokyo?

A

1932, Korean independence activist Lee Bong Chang

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4
Q

In what year do the Japanese and the allies go to war and what does this mean for Korea?

A

1941 - Korean troops were used against America

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5
Q

From what year were how many Korean males inducted into the army?

A

1944 - 200,00 Koreans

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6
Q

What declaration made Korea independent and when?

A

Potsdam Declaration 1945

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7
Q

When did the USA create RoK and what did it stand for?

A

1948 - Republic of Korea - capitalist

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8
Q

When did the USSR create the DPRK and what did it stand for?

A

1948 - Democratic People’s Republic of Korea - communist

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9
Q

What was the DPRK’s leader called from 1948?

A

Kim Il Sung

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10
Q

How many communist supporters did Kim Il Sung claim lived in the south?

A

200,000

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11
Q

What was the RoK’s leader called from 1948?

A

Syngman Rhee

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12
Q

What did Syngman Rhee want with Korea?

A

to reunite Korea and remove all traces of communism

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13
Q

Why was Stalin initially reluctant to help the DPRK and why did this change?

A

Stalin didn’t want to upset the USA, but when China became communist, he wanted to show the USSR were stronger than China

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14
Q

Why was Stalin already upset before the Korean war

A

he had been forced to back down after he attempted to blockade West Berlin and make it communist

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15
Q

By Feb 1950, how many pieces of artillery had the USSR agreed to provide?

A

1600

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16
Q

By Feb 1950, how many military aircraft had the USSR agreed to provide?

A

178

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17
Q

By Feb 1950, what had the USSR given 258 of?

A

T-34 tanks

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18
Q

What did Stalin refuse to supply to the DPRK?

A

troops

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19
Q

Who was China’s communist leader?

A

Mao Zedong

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20
Q

What was Mao’s priority?

A

regain Taiwan

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21
Q

From mid 1950, what did China allow to support Korea?

A

military volunteers

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22
Q

In what month and year was China forced to intervene due to pressure from Stalin?

A

November 1950

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23
Q

How much did the USA give Chiang Kai-Shek to stop communists taking over?

A

$2 billion

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24
Q

When did Chiang Kai-Shek retreat after losing to communism, and to where?

A

1949 - Taiwan (formerly known as Formosa)

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25
Q

Give 2 other countries that communism spread to

A

Malaya, Indonesia, Burma, Phillipines

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26
Q

What did the Truman Doctrine state and when was this?

A

1947 - policy of containment - “for every communist action, there will be an equal American reaction”

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27
Q

What did Truman send to Korea?

A

Warships and advisors

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28
Q

Why was the USSR boycotting the UN Security Council?

A

They had refused to recognise communism in China as legal

29
Q

Why did it matter that the USSR weren’t at the UN?

A

They couldn’t veto the UN’s involvement in Korea, meaning America could now get involved

30
Q

What happened in June 1950?

A

N.Korea rapidly advanced into South and captures Seoul

31
Q

How far do N.Korea push back S.Korea by the most?

A

Southern troops pushed back to Pusan in the SE corner - “Pusan Pocket”

32
Q

Where had Chinese troops gathered?

A

Manchuria

33
Q

How many states had agreed to provide military, economic and medical aid?

A

29

34
Q

When and why did the USA launch the Inchon landings?

A

September 1950 - to cut off communist supply lines passing through Seoul

35
Q

By the end of September, where were S.Korean troops?

A

Back at the 38th parallel, having retaken Seoul

36
Q

By October, where were US forces (on behalf of UN)?

A

At the Yalu River = the Chinese border

37
Q

When and how many Chinese People’s Volunteers (troops) had launched an attack?

A

25th Oct 1950 - 200,000 troops

38
Q

When were US forces pushed out of Seoul and what happened after?

A

January 1951- after bitter weeks of fighting they managed to get back to 38th parallel

39
Q

When did MacArthur say a stupid thing?

A

March 1951 threatened China with nukes

40
Q

When did Truman sack General MacArthur?

A

April 1951

41
Q

When and where do peace talks begin?

A

June 1951 at Kaesong

42
Q

When was Truman replaced as President, and who took over?

A

1952 Eisenhower became President

43
Q

When did Stalin die and who replaced him?

A

1953, the less aggressive Malenkov replaced him

44
Q

Why did initial peace talks fail?

A

Dispute over the exchange of prisoners

45
Q

When and where was an armistice signed?

A

July 1953 in Panmunjom

46
Q

What did the armistice confirm?

A
  • 2 mile demilitarised zone either side of 38th parallel
  • exchange of prisoners
  • withdrawal of all troops
47
Q

What did the UN gain from the war?

A
  • respect from prompt action

- showed it was an effective organisation

48
Q

How did the UN upset China?

A

By recognising Formosa as the Chinese Government, and not Mao Zedong

49
Q

How many casualties did the UN suffer?

A

30,000 casualties, mostly American

50
Q

What year was SEATO formed, what does it stand for and what does it do?

A

1954 - South East Asian Treaty Organisation - designed to stop communism in the far east

51
Q

What did the US achieve by fighting in the war?

A

That they would enforce the Truman Doctrine, and could stop communism

52
Q

How many US soldiers died and how many were wounded?

A

30,000 died 100,000 wounded

53
Q

How much did defence spending increase from and to?

A

$12 billion - $60 billion

54
Q

What was the Defence Spending as a % of the US’s GNP in 1953

A

14% of America’s GNP

55
Q

How many casualties did China have?

A

900,000

56
Q

In what ways did China lose the war?

A

Couldn’t join UN - no hope of trade with US - failed to win S.Korea as communist

57
Q

How big was the buffer zone that China gained from the war?

A

300km buffer zone - aka N.Korea

58
Q

In what ways did China win the war?

A

Gained respect of communist supported in Asia - saved N.Korea from America

59
Q

What did S.Korea sign with the USA?

A

The Mutual Defence Treaty

60
Q

What did both the North and the South benefit from the war?

A

Links with superpowers - trade and protection

61
Q

How did the USSR gain from the war?

A

Closer friendship with China - promoted Stalin’s image as a defender of communism

62
Q

How did conflict between China and the USA help the USSR?

A

Strengthened the USSR’s position as the dominant communist power

63
Q

How many civilians died %

A

10%

64
Q

How many casualties did Korea have?

A

2.5 million

65
Q

How many homes were destroyed?

A

600,000

66
Q

How many prisoners of war were released to return to the south?

A

9000 prisoners out of 80,000

67
Q

What happened to the rest of the prisoners of war that weren’t released by the North?

A

Forced into marriages with war widows and orphans or used as labourers

68
Q

How did the USSR suffer losses in the war?

A

Forced into and expensive arms race with the USA

History Big Questions (5 decks)

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