USA Flashcards
What laws allowed segregation
Jim Crow Laws
When was Plessy vs Ferguson and what happened
1896- Plessy taken to court for sitting in white only car. The judge, Ferguson, convicted him. Plessy went to Supreme Court and came about the idea ‘separate but equal’. As long as they’re the same, it’s ok to have one race things
How many black Americans had the right to vote in 1956
≈20%
What did most states have in the 50s that was meant to make it harder for black people to get a vote
Literacy tests were harder
What were the main ways of protest
Marches
Sit ins
Boycotts
Media exposure
Violence (Malcom X)
Facts about NAACP
Founded in 1909
Set up LDF in ‘40 to help wrongly convicted black people
Won almost every case taken to the supreme court
Facts about CORE
Used non-violent form of protest
Trained members not to react
What did WASP stand for
White Anglo Saxon Protestants
When was brown vs Topeka and what happens
1954- overruled Plessy vs Ferguson making segregation unconstitutional
When did all schools become unsegregated
1972
When was Little Rock high and what happened
1957- Elizabeth Eckford and 8 others went to an all white school in the Deep South. Guards blocked all entrances and President Eisenhower had to send in 1000 paratroopers. Faubus in response closed all schools in Arkansas for a year the next year
When did Rosa Parks refuse to change seat
1 December 1955
How long did the bus boycott last
381 days
Who promoted the bus boycott
WPC
How did black people get around during the bus boycott
Carpools
What is a Dixiecrat
Democratic Party senators from southern states
Facts about SNCC
Founded in April 1960
Received grant of $800 from SCLC
Nicknamed snick
When was the Greensboro sit in
1 Feb 1960
What did freedom riders do
Rode buses from north to south to see if desegregation in buses was really happening
Who organised freedom rides
James Farmer, director of CORE
How many arrest came about due to the freedom rides
7300
When did James Meredith attempt to attend school in Mississippi
1962
How many marshals were sent out to help James Meredith
26
How many people were in the mob that tried to stop James Meredith
3000
When did demonstrations begin in Birmingham
3 April 1963
Who was mayor of Birmingham when the protests happened
Bull Connor
How many children were arrested in Birmingham
1300
What was firebombed and where
A bus in Anniston (just outside Alabama)
When was the civil rights act introduced
1964
What did the Civil Rights act say
Discrimination in hotels, restaurants, lunch counters and theatres was banned
What happen in 1965 at Selma
March
What happened to the marchers in Selma
Stopped on the bridge and attacked
When was the Voting Rights Act introduced
Summer 1965
What did the Voting Bill say
Ended literacy tests
Ensured monitoring of registration
By end of 1965 how many black Americans voted and what did the figure rise to by 1968
250k to 1 mill
What did Malcom X reject at first
Direct Action
When was Malcom X killed
21 Feb 1965
Facts about Black Panthers
Founded in California in 1966
Believed black people needed own police force
How many major riots were there between 64-68 and in how many cities
329 in 257
How many death were there in the riots between 64-68
220
Why were there riots
Unemployment
Poverty
Poor education
Discrimination
In how many towns were there riots after Kings death
72
What did the 1968 Civil Rights Act state
Fair housing and federal protection
After MLKs death what did SNCC change the N from to
Non-violent to National
Who were ARVN
South Vietnam army
Who were the Vietcong
Communist led guerrilla group
How much money did the US give South Vietnam between 55 and 61
$7 billion
Who was the savage dictator in South Vietnam
Diem
When was the South Vietnam revolution to get rid of Diem
1 November 1963
How many strategic hamlets were built in 1962
3000
Why did America get involved in Vietnam
Domino theory and Truman Doctrine
When was Gulf of Tonkin incident
2-4 August 1964
What happened at the Gulf of Tonkin
US warship Maddox attacked ‘twice’
What methods did the Vietcong use
Punji traps
250km of underground tunnels
Wore American uniforms
What tactics did America use
Operation Rolling Thunder
Operation Ranch Hand
Search and Destroy
How many litres of Agent Orange were used
82 million
How many Vietnamese roughly suffered health problems due to Ranch Hand
3 million
When was the Tet offensive launched
30 Jan 1968
How long did the Tet offensive last
2 months
How many tons of bombs were dropped on Cambodia
3 million
How many were killed due to the bombing of Cambodia
100k and 2 million made homeless
What was Operation Linebacker II
Bombing of NV for 12 days around Christmas
At its height, what did the war cost America each day
$1 billion
How many tons of bombs were dropped in Vietnam by the US
7 million
How many US soldiers died during the war
58,000
How many US soldiers became severely disabled
75,000
How many Vietnamese died due to the war
≈2 million
When was the protest March on Washington against Vietnam and how many went
21/10/1967, 100k present
How much did Calley get due to the Mai Lai massacre
Life sentence, served 3 years
How big was the protest after the public found out about the Mai Lai massacre
500k people
Who was Henry Kisseneger
US national security adviser 69-75
Who was Lu Duc Tho
Head of communist party of Vietnam
When were Kissinger and Duc Tho awarded the Peace Prize
1973
When was a ceasefire agreed
23 June 1973
When was Vietnam reunited
1975
Were there more suicides after or deaths during the war for the US
Suicides
How many Vets suffered from PTSD
700k
