Cold War Flashcards
Who were the 2 superpowers in the Cold War
USSR and USA
Which was a communism and which was a democracy
USSR- communism, USA- democracy
What is MAD
Mutually Assured Destruction
What brought on MAD
Both superpowers had many many nuclear bombs so if they were to go to war they would destroy each other
How did the two superpowers fight
Proxy wars
What were the main parts of communism (5)
Shared equally, fair starting points, benefits, corruption, less productive
What were the main parts of Capitalism
Meritocratic, allowed to keep assets, inheritance, no government help
What happened in 1917 that led to the formation of communism
Russian Revolution led Lenin
What were the 3 conferences and when were they
Tehran (1943), Yalta (1945), Potsdam (1945)
What was agreed at the Tehran conference (4)
Britain and US to open 2nd front, USSR to wage war with Japan after Germany, UN set up, Poland to be a part of USSR
What was agreed at Yalta (7)
Soviet to wage war with Japan after Germany, divide Germany and Berlin into 4 zones, Hunt Nazi war criminals, allow free liberation and elections, join UN, Eastern Europe to be under USSR sphere of influence
What was agreed at Potsdam (7)
Germany and Berlin into 4 zones, Germany demilitarised, democracy in Germany, Germany to pay reparations, nazi party banned, participation in UN, polands frontier moved westward
What disagreements were at Potsdam (2)
1) Stalin wanted Germany to cripple, Truman refused
2) Truman wanted democracy, Stalin wanted Dictatorship. Truman creates the Truman Doctrine
Who was the British leader at Yalta
Attlee
What was the name for people poisoned by the A bomb
Hibakusha
When was the Long Telegram
Feb 1946
When was the Novikov Telegram
Sep 46
What is PINT of P
Policy change, International relations, Nature of warfare, Turning point, Prestige
When did Churchill deliver his Iron Curtain speech
46
Where was the speech held
Fulton
What is the definition of a satellite state
Countries who’s government seems independent but are actually controlled by another stronger country
Describe the Truman Doctrine in one word
Containment
What was the Marshal Plan
The economic aid given to European countries to bribe them out of communism
What was Cominform
The Soviet response to the Truman Doctrine
What was Comecon
It was st up by the USSR to control the economies of the satellite states
What was the Brain Drain
Clever and well educated East Berliners defecting to West Berlin to be paid and treated better
When was Trizonia created
Early 48
What date did the Berlin blockade begin
24 June 1948
What was formed in response to the blockade
NATO
What was the new currency in East Germany
Deutschmark
What were the 6 satellite states
Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, East Germany, Czechoslovakia
Which 2 countries in Eastern Europe were communist but weren’t satellite states
Yugoslavia and Albania
How much more powerful was the H bomb
1000x
When was the first H bomb developed
1952
When was Sputnik launched
1957
When did Yuri Gagarin go to space
1961
When was the Tzar bomb detonated
1961
What was created in 1955 that was like NATO
The Warsaw Pact
When did Stalin die
1953
Who was the new leader of the USSR after Stalin
Nikita Khrushchev
When was the Hungarian Uprising
1956
Who was the Hungarian dictator in 56
Rakosi
Who took over from Rakosi
Nagy
How was the Hungarian uprising stopped
USSR invaded
When did Khrushchev give the Berlin ultimatum
November 1958
When was the Vienna summit
1961
Who were the two leaders at the Vienna summit
Khrushchev and Kennedy
Which country had recently become communist prior to the Vienna Summit
Cuba
What date was the Berlin wall formed
13 August 1961
How many people died trying to cross the Wall in the first year it was up
42
What happened on the 28 October 1961 and where
There was a stand off at checkpoint Charlie
What famous phrase did Kennedy say at his speech on the 26 June 1963
‘Ich bin ein Berliner’
When did Fidel Castro take control of Cuba
2 January 1959
What happened in April 61 that heavily embarrassed America and lead to the missile crisis
Bay of Pigs invasion
When were missiles first moved to Cuba
Summer 1962
When did Kennedy find out about the missiles in Cuba
14 October
When was DEFCON 3 reached
22 October 1962
When was DEFCON 2 reached
24 October 1962
How was the Cuban Missile Crisis averted
The USSR agreed they would take away their missiles from Cuba if the US removed theirs from Turkey
Who ‘won’ the Cuban Missile Crisis
America as it seemed they made no sacrifice and that the USSR removed their missiles as they were scared or America had pushed them too much
What was created between the Kremlin and the White House after the Cuban Missile Crisis
The ‘hotline’
Who lead Czechoslovakia before the Prague Spring
Novōtny
Who took over from Novōtny in 1968
Dubček
What reforms did Dubček introduce
People could run their own businesses
Freedom of speech and press
Free travel
Trade
What did Dubček promise he would stay a part of
The Warsaw Pact
Who became the Soviet leader in 1964
Leonard Brezhnev
How was the Prague Spring stopped
Invasion on 20 August 1968
Why were people and Soviet soldiers angry after the Prague Spring
As the USSR had said the Czechoslovakian people had asked for the invasion
What was the Brezhnev Doctrine and when
November 68- the idea that anyone who tried to make communism look weak in the Warsaw Pact would be invaded and be ‘put right’
What was the period of friendlier relations in the 70s known as
Détente
What was the Nixon Doctrine
The belief that the US would still be a part of NATO but would not supply troops in foreign affairs
What was agreed in Helsinki
Freedom of speech, press religion and movement
The West formally recognising the borders of Eastern Europe
Closer scientific and economic cooperation
Who are dissidents
People objecting to the government
When was SALT I signed
1972
What was agreed in SALT I
Restriction of anti-ballistic missile sites
What agreement had been ‘agreed’ in 1979
SALT II
Why was Afghanistan important to the USSR
Geopolitics
What was the guerrilla group in Afghanistancalled
Mujahideen
On what day did the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan begin
25 December 1979
What excuse did Brezhnev give for staying in Afghanistan
The invasion would restore order to an unstable situation
Why did Détente end
The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
What Olympic Games did 62 countries boycott
Moscow 1980
Which Olympic Games did the eastern bloc boycott
LA 1984
When did Ronald Reagan come to power
November 1980
What type of weapon did Reagan attempt to build
The Neutron Bomb
What was the SDI
Aimed to create a system that could detect and destroy incoming missiles using technology
When did Gorbachev come to power
1985
What was Gorbachevs new ideas
Glasnost and Perestroika
What is Glasnost and its aim
Openness. Aimed to end government corruption and freedom
What is Perestroika and its aim
Restructuring. Aimed to change the economy and make it stronger
Who’s Doctrine was abandoned by Gorbachev
Brezhnev
What was agreed at Geneva and when
November 85- both countries agree to reduce supplies by 50%
What was agreed in Iceland and when
October 1986- Soviet troops would be removed but SDI wouldn’t be abandoned
What was agreed in Washington in 1987 (Cold War)
Both sides would get rid of all their non-long range weapons
How many tanks and troops were used to invade Hungary
6k tanks and 200k troops
Who was the East German leader who ordered the construction of the wall
Walter Ulbricht
