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Finals > US. History Final 1st Quarter > Flashcards

US. History Final 1st Quarter Flashcards

0
Q

Who was Thomas Hooker?

A

He founded Connecticut

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1
Q

How did Connecticut differ from Massachusetts when it came to voting?

A

It didn’t require voters to be church members

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2
Q

Which European nation discovered a sea route to Asia?

A

Portugal

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3
Q

List the middle colonies

A

New York New Jersey Pennsylvania and Delaware

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4
Q

Who was Queen Isabella

A

She funded expeditions for Christopher Columbus

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5
Q

What is mercantilism

A

Nationalistic economic system designed to make nation wealthier and more powerful
mercantilist believe that a nations wealth consisted of gold
they sought to achieve a “favorable balance of trade”

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6
Q

Who are the Pilgrims and Puritans? how did each group view the Protestant church in England and where do they differ?

A

Pilgrims are separatist who wanted to separate and be free to worship and serve God
Puritans wanted to purify the Church of England from Catholic influence and they believed in doctrines

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7
Q

Why did the pilgrims leave Holland?

A

They left because the Dutch culture was influencing children

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8
Q

Who was Hernando Cortes

A

He was the first great conquistador who conquered the Aztecs

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9
Q

How did the Protestant Reformation affect religion in England

A

caused division between the Protestant and Catholic church

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10
Q

What were the three different types of colonial government and which one allows the most freedom?

A

Charter colony is governed by trade company and is the most lenient form of government
the royal colony is controlled directly by the crown and is the most strict form of government
the proprietary government is governed by proprietor and is the second most lenient

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11
Q

Which man was responsible for encouraging European exploration of the New World

A

Christopher Columbus

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12
Q

What was the major reason for the growth of Massachusetts

A

Religious freedom

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13
Q

What was Roanoke Island

A

“Lost colony” sir Walter Raleigh finance two trips to Roanoke Island

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14
Q

Which nation dominated exploration of the New World during the sixteenth century

A

Spain

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15
Q

The new England colonies?

A

Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island and New Hampshire

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16
Q

Who was sir Francis Drake

A

Attacked Spanish shipping in Caribbean played role in defeating the Spanish Armada

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17
Q

Why was the year 1619 important for Jamestown

A

Martial law was lifted
the house of burgesses was formed which is the first self-governing representative assembly
slavery was introduced to the new world when Dutch ships who carried African slaves landed in Jamestown
90 eligible women arrived with the purchase price being the cost of the travel

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18
Q

What was the purpose of the settlement of Georgia

A

To provide protection against Spanish Florida and to provide a colony for devotes and vagrants

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19
Q

What was the line of demarcation

A

The line is that separated lands that were claimed by Spain and Portugal

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20
Q

What Was the Mayflower compact

A

The first document of self government in America that was signed by the pilgrims

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21
Q

What movement in the 1500s was caused by Europe’s rediscovery of biblical truth

A

Protestant reformation

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22
Q

What religion was practiced in Spain

A

Catholicism

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23
Q

What was the Puritan covenant

A

An agreement God made with his people

they believe that they were bound to obey covenant as a way towards blessing

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24
Q

What Was a conquistador

A

Spanish explorer and soldier of Fortune who fought for money

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25
Q

What was the patroon system

A

It involved a patroon (who was the person)

that person had to agree to transport and settle 50 families and they would then receive a large piece of land

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26
Q

What three innovations made it possible for explores to extend their travel to the New World

A

Compass caravel and astrolabe

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27
Q

Was Marco Polo and what part did he play in the exploration of the New World

A

He told of the riches of Asia

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28
Q

What was the great Wagonroad

A

Primary road from Philadelphia to the backcountry

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29
Q

Who were the Pennsylvania Dutch?

A

German immigrants who settled in Pennsylvania they were farmers but they were not Dutch

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30
Q

Was the Albany Congress?

what was the Albany plan and why did it fail?

A

Albany congress attempted to establish political unity
The Albany plan would establish centralized colonial government and it would fail because the colonist feared centralized government

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31
Q

Who are the sons of liberty

A

It formed as a response to the stamp act

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32
Q

Who were the Scots Irish

A

Protestant settlers in Ireland

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33
Q

What was the New England primer

A

The standard text in colonial schools

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34
Q

What was the hornbook

A

The first book a child receives
it is shaped as a paddle
It has two sides with one having the alphabet on one side and the Lords prayer on the other

35
Q

What was the power of the purse

A

It meant that the salaries of the royAl officials and military people were passed by elected officials only

36
Q

What was another name for the seven years war

A

French and Indian war

37
Q

What was the stamp act Congress

A

Represented colonial unity

38
Q

What was the proclamation line

A

It denied westward expansion and was established by Parliament

39
Q

What main advantage did the French have over the British throughout the French and Indian war

A

They had stronger Indian alliances

40
Q

What was the first example of colonial unity

A

The stamp act Congress

41
Q

How did the infant death rate in the colonies compare with the infant death rate in Europe

A

Was lower than in Europe

42
Q

Why did education in the south lag behind education and new England

A

Because of geography and the lack of Puritan presence

43
Q

What was the chief disadvantage of the British during the French and Indian war

A

They lacked colonial unity

44
Q

Who were the Acadians

A

They were French settlers who were forcibly moved from Nova Scotia by the British

45
Q

List the reasons for the growth of nationalism in the American colonies

A

They were isolated from Britain
the Americans owned land that gave them a stake in their colonies
the American colonies had strong sense of self government

46
Q

What was another name for village schools in New England

A

Dame schools

47
Q

What was the key campaign of the French and Indian war

A

Quebec campaign of 1759

48
Q

What treaty ended the French and Indian war

A

The Treaty of Paris in 1763

49
Q

Why was France a threat to the 13 colonies

A

They had a strong alliance with Algonquin Indians

the British had a difficult time defending their scattered settlements the colonies were not yet united

50
Q

Why did the Iroquois Ally with the British

A

They had a blood feud with the Algonquin Indians

51
Q

Why were epidemics more common in the 18th century

A

The cities grew and they were more crowded

52
Q

What was the British 3 part plan to win the seven years war

A

To leave the fighting in Europe to Prussia
to use the British naval fleet to isolate the French in America and India and to replace the old generals with young general

53
Q

Why did Britain tax colonies after the seven years war

A

In order to help pay for the war

54
Q

What were the two largest non-English groups in America

A

Scots Irish and Germans

55
Q

What was the treaty of Utrecht

A

Ended queen Anne’s war

56
Q

Why was education important to the Puritans

A

Biblical principles were integrated in education and the Puritans wanted education because it taught their children how to read the Bible and practical skills

57
Q

What was the response to the British refusal to remove tea from Boston Harbor in 1773

A

Men dressed as Indians dumped tea into the Harbor

58
Q

What is militia

A

Citizen soldiers

59
Q

What term describes colonial supporters of the British during the war for Independence

A

Patriots

60
Q

What treaty Brought an end to the war for independence

A

Treaty of Paris in 1783

61
Q

Who was William Howe

A

General William Howe, General Gage’s replacement, landed his forces on Staten Island.
General William Howe: (the one who took New York) but Ultimately missed his objective. (by taking Philadelphia) (objective was to cut off the army)

62
Q

Who was John Burgoyne

A

He takes fort Ticonderoga and on October 17th 1777 British General Burgoyne surrendered to gates at Saratoga

63
Q

Who was Charles Cornwallis

A

He sets up his headquarters in Yorktown

He was cornered by the French and he asked for terms of surrender at Yorktown

64
Q

Who Was George Washington

A

Washington elected as commander in chief of the newly former continental army
He sent troops into Trenton and Princeton
Breaks the deadlock and he defends New York

65
Q

Who Was Henry Knox

A

He retrieves the captured British cannons

66
Q

Who was Daniel Morgan

A

He achieves the most perfect victory of the war with his idea of three lines at the battle of Cowpens

67
Q

Where was the first engagement of the war for independence

A

Lexington and Concord

68
Q

The capture of what fort was considered in early American success and supplied artillery for the forces around Boston

A

Ticonderoga

69
Q

What was a costly British victory outside of Boston

A

Battle of Bunker Hill

70
Q

What were the successful winter raids that lifted the morale of the young Continental Army

A

Trenton and Princeton

71
Q

Where did Washington make a unsuccessful attempt to stop the British from taking Philadelphia

A

Battle of Brandywine

72
Q

The capture of the British Army ___ helped encourage France to enter the war

A

Saratoga

73
Q

Where did the Continental Army make their headquarters during the winter of 1777 to 1778

A

Valley Forge

74
Q

Where did the Continental Army fight to a drawl while proving a new sense of professionalism

A

Monmouth

75
Q

What was the main issue behind the war for Independence

A

Practical self government

76
Q

What was the committee of correspondence

A

They provided information on British threats to liberty

77
Q

What was England’s response to the Boston tea party

A

They charge taxes on the colonies

78
Q

What was the main accomplishment of the first Continental Congress

A

They elected Washington as continental commander

79
Q

What happened at the Battle of Bunker Hill

A

Charges were sent by Thomas Gage

by the third charge the American lost ammunition and the British won at a costly victory

80
Q

What did common sense advocate

A

Independence from Britain

81
Q

Why did George Washington attempt to defend New York

A

If he did not defend, it would hurt support for the war

82
Q

Why was the Saratoga campaign important for the colonist

A

It brought France into the war and it was the first major campaign

83
Q

Who is Benedict Arnold and what was he known for

A

He was a traitor and was known for negotiating the fort for 20 grand

84
Q

Who was the Swamp Fox and how did he help the war effort

A

Francis Marion and he led guerilla raids against the British

Finals (7 decks)

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