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Finals > Bio Final > Flashcards

Bio Final Flashcards

0
Q

Joints that bend only in one direction (elbow knee and between phalanges)

A

Hinge joints

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1
Q

Joints that have free movement in all direction (shoulder and hip)

A

Ball and socket joints

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2
Q

Joints that do rotating and swiveling (between atlas and axis in the neck)

A

Pivot joints

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3
Q

Joints that allow limited movement sideways and up and down (between carpals in the wrist and tarsals in the ankle

A

Gliding joints

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4
Q

What Type of behavior is learned from experience

A

Conditional behavior

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5
Q

What type of behavior is given from birth

for example reflexes and instincts

A

inborn behavior

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6
Q

What type of behavior includes solving problems and using logic

A

Intelligent behavior

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7
Q

What are the four regions of the body

A

cranial- the head
cervical-the neck
thoracic-the chest
abdominal- the abs

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8
Q

What are four cavities of the body

A

cranial cavity-brain
spinal cavity-spinal cord
thoracic cavity-heart lungs respiratory organs
abdominal cavity-digestive reproductive and excretory organs

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9
Q

What type of tissue includes bones blood lymph fat and cartilage
this type of tissues found in ligaments
it’s job is to support protect and connect

A

Connective tissue

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10
Q

What type of tissue moves the body or substances in the body
this type of tissue helps cells contract
Has to do with bones

A

Muscle tissue

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11
Q

This type of tissue is a layer of cells that or and internal and external body surfaces
it covers organs
it’s job is to protect secrete and absorb

A

Epithelial tissue

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12
Q

What type of tissue contains cells that receive and transmit impulses from the muscles, glands, and other nerve cells

A

Nervous tissue

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13
Q

What type of substance is needed in the body

A

Vitamin d

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14
Q

What is the top layer of the skin

A

Epidermis

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15
Q

What is the inner layer of the skin that is mostly composed of connective tissue
it contains blood vessels nerve endings sweat glands hair follicles and oil glands

A

Dermis

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16
Q

What is not an actually a part of the skin that attaches the dermis to muscle
it is made up of connective tissue
it includes fat deposits
it helps insulate and cushion the body

A

Subcutaneous layer

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17
Q

What is the waxy protein that fills older epidermal cells before they die

A

Keratin

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18
Q

What is the visible portion of the hair is composed of proteins

A

Shaft

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19
Q

What is the upper part of the skeletal system it contains the skull spine ribs and sternum

A

Axial skeleton

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20
Q

What is the lower part of the skeletal system it contains arms and legs, the appendages

A

Appendicular skeleton

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21
Q

What are the first seven vertebrae’s in the neck region called

A

Cervical vertebrae

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22
Q

What are the 12 chest vertebrae called

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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23
Q

What are the five lower back vertebrae called

A

Lumbar vertebrae

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24
Q

Why do the bones get bigger down the vertebral column

A

Support our weight

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25
Q

How Many bones are in the heart-shaped bone called the Sacrum

A

5

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26
Q

What is the name of the free-floating bone also called the kneecap that is held by ligaments

A

Patella

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27
Q

What type of bone marrow is found in the center of long bones and is where fat is stored

A

Yellow bone marrow

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28
Q

What type of bone marrow produces red blood cells

A

Red bone marrow

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29
Q

What is the connection between two or more bones are between cartilage and bone called

A

Joint

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30
Q

What type of joints have limited movement

A

Slightly movable joints

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31
Q

Most joints are these type of joints

A

Freely movable joints

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32
Q

What type of joints are not able to move, they are rigid

A

Immovable joints

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33
Q

What type of muscle is in the internal organs

A

Visceral muscle

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34
Q

What type of muscle primarily attaches to bones and other movable structure

A

Skeletal muscles

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35
Q

What type of muscle is in the heart this muscle also contracts the heart to pump blood

A

Cardiac muscle

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36
Q

What type of muscle is also found in the iris of the eye

It moves organs or materials in organs

A

Visceral muscle

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37
Q

What type of muscle is striated and is an involuntary muscle

A

Cardiac muscle

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38
Q

What type of muscle is striated and is a voluntary muscle

A

Skeletal muscle

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39
Q

What type of muscle has smooth fibers it is an involuntary muscle

A

Visceral muscles

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40
Q

What type of muscle cells are non-striated

these muscle tissues don’t have light and dark stripes

A

Smooth muscle cells

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41
Q

What type of muscle cells has protein filaments that appear as dark and light stripes

A

Striated muscle cells

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42
Q

What is another name for muscle tissue

A

Muscle fibers

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43
Q

What bone is fully developed when you are born

A

Buccinator

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44
Q

What are the parts of the respiratory system

A

Nose/mouth pharynx larynx trachea bronchi bronchial tubes bronchiole alveoli capillaries

45
Q

What is the extension of the soft palate

this blocks food particles from going to the nasal cavity

A

Uvula

46
Q

What is a muscular tube about 5 inches long it is lined with the ciliated mucous membrane
it has seven openings
another name for it is the throat

A

Pharynx

47
Q

What lines the respiratory system

A

Mucous and cilia

48
Q

What does mucous and cilia do for the respiratory system

A

Is used as a filter system

49
Q

What is the wind pipe that leads to the lungs

A

Trachea

50
Q

What are two flats of mucous tissue

A

Vocal cords

51
Q

What is another name for the voice box

it is a short passage to the trachea

A

Larynx

52
Q

When the trachea splits in two to get air to both lungs, what is this then called

A

Bronchi

53
Q

What is The membrane that lines the thorax and covers the lungs
the pleural space is filled with pleural fluid

A

Pleura

54
Q

Oxygen (o2) + food –> energy (ATP)

A

Cellular respiration

55
Q

O2 (oxygen) from the air –> alveoli –> blood

A

External respiration

56
Q

Oxygen (o2) from the blood –> cells

A

Internal respiration

57
Q

What is filling the lungs with air

A

Inspiration

58
Q

What is forcing air out of lungs

A

Expiration

59
Q

What is a pigment in red blood cells that when attached to oxygen it turns red but when it lacks oxygen it is dark red maroon

A

Hemoglobin

60
Q

What is food intake called

A

Ingestion

61
Q

What is absorbing food molecules into the body stream called
this takes place in the small intestine

A

Absorption

62
Q

What is the elimination of undigested food called

A

Edgiest ion

63
Q

What are other names for the digestive system

A

Alimentary canal
Digestive track
Gastrointestinal track

64
Q

What makes saliva and is located under the tongue

A

Salivary glands

65
Q

What enzymes helps break down starches

A

Salivary amylase

66
Q

What type of teeth are used for biting and knawing food

A

Incisors

67
Q

What Type of teeth are used for chewing and grinding food

A

Molars

68
Q

What is the movement created by the contracting and relaxing of muscles
this happens in the esophagus

A

Peristalsis

69
Q

In the stomach, food mixes with gastric juices. what are these juices?

A

Enzymes acids and mucus

70
Q

What enzymes in the stomach help break down protein and fats

A

Pepsin

71
Q

What type of acids are found in the stomach that are the strongest acids that eat the lining of the stomach

A

Hydrochloric acids

72
Q

What type of digestion happens in the stomach

A

Chemical and mechanical digestion

73
Q

When Food is mixed fully with the juices, mixture is called what?

A

Chyme

74
Q

What Type of digestion breaks down food to small pieces? example is chewing

A

Mechanical digestion

75
Q

What type of digestion is when food is changed chemically, an example is saliva

A

Chemical digestion

76
Q

The parts of the small intestine

A

Jejunum
Duodenum
Illium

77
Q

What are tiny fingerlike projectors that are surrounded by tiny blood vessels called capillaries

A

Villi

78
Q

What Are the accessory organs to the digestion system

A

Pancreas and liver

79
Q

What is Made in the liver and is stored in the gallbladder

A

Bile

80
Q

What Is another name for the large intestine

A

Colon

81
Q

What does the large intestine do

A

It gets rid of waste materials

the body absorbs water in the waste product

82
Q

Where is the waste material stored

A

Rectum

83
Q

What is Another name for waste material

A

Feces

84
Q

Through what does the feces get removed from the body

A

Anus

85
Q

The two roles of the circulatory system

A

To carry food water and oxygen

to remove waste

86
Q

Parts of the circulatory system

A

Capillaries heart veins arteries and blood

87
Q

What are the two chambers at the top of the heart called

A

Left and right atrium

88
Q

The two chambers at the bottom of the heart called

A

Left and right ventricle

89
Q

What Valve takes blood from the left ventricle to the aorta

A

Aortic valve

90
Q

What valve takes blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valve

91
Q

What valve takes blood from the left atrium to the left ventricle

A

Mitral valve

92
Q

What valve takes blood from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

A

Pulmonary valve

93
Q

What allows blood to flow in one direction either into/out of the heart

A

Valves

94
Q

What means lungs

A

Pulmonary

95
Q

What muscle never stops working

A

Heart

96
Q

The heart is the size of what?

A

Your fist

97
Q

As you grow, what grows?

A

Your heart

98
Q

Your heart is not in the center, but it is where?

A

Towards the front

99
Q

Why is your heart towards the front?

A

Your brain developed faster and so it pushed your heart toward the front

100
Q

What separates the two sides of the heart

A

Septum

101
Q

Why must the septum separate the two sides of the heart?

A

One side is deoxygenated and the other side is oxygenated

102
Q

What carries blood to the heart

A

Veins

103
Q

Veins also have what?

A

Valves

104
Q

What carries blood away from the heart?

A

Arteries

105
Q

Are The arteries rich in oxygen or lacking oxygen?

A

Rich in oxygen

106
Q

Are Arteries nearest to your heart larger or smaller?

A

Larger

107
Q

Are arteries further from your heart smaller or larger?

A

Smaller

108
Q

What are thin blood vessels that allow rapid gas exchange

they connect arteries with veins

A

Capillaries

109
Q

What is the largest artery

A

Aorta

110
Q

What is the largest vain

A

Vena Cava

Finals (7 decks)

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