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Finals > History Final > Flashcards

History Final Flashcards

0
Q

The culmination of artistic achievements during the 16th century is known as

A

High renaissance

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1
Q

What city is considered the birthplace of the Renaissance

A

Florence

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2
Q

Where did the Renaissance began

A

Italy

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3
Q

What are the three distortions found in Michelangelo’s pieta

A

Christ after the Crucifixion without any disfigurement
Mary is presented as a young girl—one too young to be the mother of Christ.
Mary is larger than life

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4
Q

Brunelleschi defeated Ghiberti in a competition to build what?

A

The dome for the Cathedral of Florence

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5
Q

The most famous Renaissance patrons were members of which family

A

Medici family

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6
Q

Who made paintings of sweet face madonnas

A

Raphael

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7
Q

Who described an ideal state and was an adviser to Henry the eighth (VIII)

A

Sir Thomas more

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8
Q

Who is called the “father of Renaissance paintings”

A

Giotto

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9
Q

Made the first freestanding sculpture

A

Donatello

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10
Q

Who made the Sistine Chapel wall painting the last judgment

A

Michelangelo

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11
Q

wrote technical and scientific designs in a notebook

A

Leonardo da Vinci

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12
Q

The Renaissance focus on man’s worth and capacities has been called what

A

Humanism

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13
Q

What were those who study the liberal arts called

A

Humanist

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14
Q

The new course of study known as liberal arts which included history science grammar classical literature and philosophy was called what

A

Humanities

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15
Q

Renaissance is a French word meaning what

A

Rebirth

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16
Q

The Protestant Reformation began in what country

A

Germany

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17
Q

The council that condemned Hus also re-examined the works of and condemned which dead man

A

John Wycliffe

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18
Q

Why did pope Leo X order the selling of indulgences

A

To reconstruct St. Peter’s

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19
Q

What according to Wycliffe is the supreme authority for all believers

A

The bible

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20
Q

What country is considered the Roman Catholic stronghold

A

Spain

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21
Q

While a priest, who discovered through scripture studies that salvation is by faith

A

Martin Luther

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22
Q

What was a religious movement in the sixteenth century

A

The Protestant reformation

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23
Q

What prompted Leo x to act upon Luther’s protest

A

He was losing sales of indulgence

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24
Q

Luther’s ninety-five thesis covered the issue of selling what?

A

Indulgences

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25
Q

Who were the Protestants in England who wished to cleanse the Anglican Church of its catholic practices?

A

Puritans

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26
Q

Who were the Protestants In England who saw no hope for change in the Anglican Church and who removed themselves from it?

A

Separatists

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27
Q

What were Protestant churches which adopted Calvin’s system of theology called?

A

Reform churches

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28
Q

What made the king the “supreme head” of the church in England, complete the break between England and the papacy
placed the Church of England under direct control of the states

A

Act of settlement of 1534

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29
Q

Religious groups who opposed infant baptism

A

Anabaptist

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30
Q

The Protestants in the Netherlands fought under whose leadership to stop Spanish catholic dominance

A

William of orange

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31
Q

What were the common beliefs of the Anabaptists

A

Only true believers should be members in local church
separation of the church and state
Hold no political office
No arms against anyone even in war (pacifism)

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32
Q

Which Spanish king was England’s most formidable Roman Catholic opponent

A

King Phillip II

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33
Q

Who was the famous Jesuit missionary to India, china, and japan

A

Francis Xavier

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34
Q

Who was the Roman catholic queen of Scotland

A

Queen Mary Stuart

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35
Q

Who was the leader of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland

A

John Knox

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36
Q

What was that Elizabethan settlement and what did it established

A

It allowed the church to have Protestant doctrine but still carry on Catholic ceremonies and traditions

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37
Q

Who commanded ships which helped to defeat the Armada

A

Sir Francis Drake

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38
Q

Which document allowed each German Prince the right to choose whether his territory would be Lutheran or Roman Catholic

A

The peace of Augsburg

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39
Q

The counter reformation is connected with what religion

A

Catholic

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40
Q

Who was condemned and burned at Constance

A

John Huss

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41
Q

Why did Henry the eighth (VIII) break away from the Catholic church

A

He wanted to get a divorce from his wife

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42
Q

Through the influence of John Knox which church was established in Scotland

A

Presbyterian Church

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43
Q

What met from 1545 to 1563 to discuss doctrinal questions and to propose reforms in the Roman Catholic Church

A

The Council of Trent

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44
Q

What year did the English defeat the Spanish Armada

A

1588

45
Q

Who took the English throne at the death of Elizabeth the first

A

James I also known as James VI of Scotland

46
Q

Which early reformer has been called the morning Star of the
Reformation

A

John Wycliffe

47
Q

Which family ruled England during the reformation

A

Tudor family

48
Q

What Traveler to the far east contributed to the age of exploration with his tales of that strange customs and great wealth of the Orient

A

Marco polo

49
Q

What where the motives for European exploration

A

The search for gold, adventure and glory,mreligious concerns, and competition with other nations

50
Q

Why was the caravel superior to ships built before 1400

A

They were fast and light and they had both square and triangle sails

51
Q

Who was the first man to round the southern tip of Africa

A

Bartolomeu Dias

52
Q

Who’s expedition around the Cape of Good Hope to India gave Portugal a lucrative spice trade with India

A

Vasco de gama

53
Q

Which country was the first to explore the New World

A

Spain

54
Q

The line of demarcation dividing the world between which two countries

A

Portugal and Spain

55
Q

The Dutch claim the region that is now New York as a result of what English man’s effort

A

Henry Hudson

56
Q

What was the Spanish conquistadors main advantage over the natives of the New World

A

Horses and guns

57
Q

Who was the first man to circumnavigate the world

A

Ferdinand Magellan

58
Q

which country claim Brazil

A

Portugal

59
Q

Why did the Dutch establish a colony at Cape Town

A

It provides freshwater vegetables and meat

60
Q

What was a major reason for Portugal’s decline as a great power

A

He had too vast of an empire

61
Q

The first English expedition to North America was led by what Italian sailor

A

Christopher Columbus

62
Q

Who was the Jesuit missionary who was welcome by Japan but who’s later followers were expelled by the Japanese

A

Francis Xavier

63
Q

What was the first permanent English colony in America

A

Jamestown

64
Q

What was one main difference between the Spanish and English accomplishments in the New World

A

The English went to settle with the families while the Spanish didn’t

65
Q

Wall was one dominant economic system for the age of exploration

A

Mercantilism

66
Q

Who claim the Mississippi Valley for France

A

La Salle

67
Q

Who explored the southwestern section of America

A

Francis Cordata

68
Q

The shared profit of a joint stock company was called what

A

Dividend

69
Q

What term describes a voyage around the earth

A

Circumnavigation

70
Q

What fast vessel of the 15th century aided ocean travel

A

Caravel

71
Q

What term is used to indicate the distance and object is from the equator

A

Latitude

72
Q

Which country was the leading absolutist nation in Europe during the 17th century

A

France

73
Q

What was the belief that kings ruled by authority from God

A

Divine right

74
Q

Which war was the last great religious war and Europe

A

30 years war

75
Q

Well were Richelieu’s accomplish

A

He destroyed the Huguenots by laying heavy burdens on them
He weakened the nobility by placing other people instead of them
He got France into the 30 years war

76
Q

Who was Louis the eighth (VIII) powerful chief Minister

A

Cardinal Richelieu

77
Q

In his quest for absolute power what did Louis the fourth (IV) accomplish

A

He reorganize the French army
He placed lieutenants over regiments
He appointed Jean Baptiste Colbert as the chief Minister

78
Q

Who lost his throne in 1688

A

James the second (II)

79
Q

In 1795 Poland disappeared from the map until one major war

A

WWI

80
Q

What French chief Minister favored building a French Navy encouraged self-sufficiency and increased export

A

Jean Baptiste Colbert

81
Q

Which nation came out of the seven years war the strongest

A

England

82
Q

What was the strongest German state

A

Brandenburg Prussia

83
Q

Who excepted the act of settlement

A

Parliament

William and Mary

84
Q

Who laid the foundation for absolutism in France

A

Henry the fourth (IV)

85
Q

Which war was also called the French and Indian

A

Seven years war

86
Q

Which family ruled England during the 17th century

A

Stuart family

87
Q

Those who are against James (II) the second and for the glorious Revolution were called what

A

Whigs

88
Q

The English kings were limited and powered by what

A

Parliament

89
Q

The glorious Revolution caused which King to lose the throne

A

James II (the second)

90
Q

After the death of Queen Anne, which family ruled England

A

The Hanover family

91
Q

Which nation came out of the 30 years war the strongest

A

France

92
Q

Which nationality was george I before taking the Britain throne

A

German

93
Q

Political power that is unlimited or unrestrained is called what

A

Absolute

94
Q

The justification of increasing royal power on religious ground is called what

A

Divine right

95
Q

Which Greek geographer emphasizes the Geocentric theory

A

Ptolemy

96
Q

Which German astronomer proved that the orbits of planets are elliptical

A

Johannes Kepler

97
Q

What was Isaac Known for

A

He was known for the making the reflective telescope the laws of gravity and Principia

98
Q

What was William Harvey known for

A

He was known as the father of biology he found out that the heart acts as a pump for the blood

99
Q

what is Boyles law

A

increasing pressure on gas reduces its volume

100
Q

Who discovered the chemical substances of ammonia oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

Joseph Priestly

101
Q

Which philosopher stated that the basis of government is the consent of the governed

A

John Locke

102
Q

What idea did the framers of the United States Constitution take from Montesquieu

A

The separation of powers

103
Q

What was Voltair known for

A

An outspoken critic and for the freedom of press

104
Q

What was Rousseau known for

A

He was known for general well meaning majority rule
the good of man
emotion above reason

105
Q

Who proposed the heliocentric theory

A

Copernicus

106
Q

Who established the use of chemicals to treat diseases

A

Paracelsus

107
Q

Who discovered that the heart pumps blood

A

William Harvey

108
Q

What scientist greatly improve the microscope

A

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

109
Q

Who devised a way to map the earth on a flat surface

A

Gerardus Mercator

Finals (7 decks)

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