US History Fall Semester Review Flashcards
What did the Homestead Act provide to settlers?
Several US Federal laws gave an applicant ownership of land for little or no cost at all
What was one of the main reasons behind California’s population increase in the mid-1800s?
California Gold Rush
What is a laissez-faire policy?
There is little government regulation of business; businesses operate in a purely free market.
What does philanthropist mean and who were known as such during the industrialization period?
philanthropist- a person who seekd to promote the welfare of others, by the generous donation of money to good cause. ANDREW CARNEGIE and JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
What do the Pullman Strike, Homestead Strike, and Haymarket Affair have in common?
There was a disagreement resulting in a strike
What were the working conditions for factory workers in the late 1800s?
dangerous, low pay, long hours
What strategy did labor unions employ when negotiations with business owners fail?
strikes
When a company dominates a particular market it is referred to as a?
monopoly
Capitalism is an economic system in which?
factories and other means of production are privately owned
What was the experience like for immigrants who arrived at Angel Island?
unpleasant, usually detained for weeks sometimes months
What are some push and pull factors that motivated immigrants to come to the U.S.?
Push:
- population growth
- Russian Programs
Pull
- Homestead Act
- Jobs
- Availed
- Free and Democratic Society
What group was subject to inspections upon arrival at Elis Island?
steerage passengers
Who is the Arthur of the novel “The Jungle” and what did it expose?
Upton Clair exposed the unsanitary and filthy conditions of the meat factories
Which group passed laws to decrease the number of immigrants coming in the U.S. and name some of the laws.
Nativists. Quotas, Chinese exclusion act, immigration act of 1917, Anarchist exclusion act
Not many children attended school in the early 1900s, why is this the case?
child labor
What was the result for children when 39 states prohibit children under age 14 from working?
There was an increase of children going to school
Why was city water polluted in the 1900’s?
lives become a receptacle for human waste products (domestic & industrial)
Initiative allows citizens to …..?
Propose and pass a law directly without involving the state legislature
What were the goals of the NAACP?
They protested against lynching and other racist violence
Which progressive reform was enacted by a constitutional amendment?
Women’s Suffrage
Who demand that big business give the people a “square deal”?
Theodore Roosevelt
How did Presidents Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson protect the environment?
By setting aside land for national parks
What was the purpose of the Federal Reserve System?
Restricted corporate influence and reduce government corruption
How did Taft ruin his reputation as a progressive?
He signed the Payne-Aldrich Bill that raised taxation rates
What are the aspects of President Wilson’s New Freedom progressive reform plan?
Limit the power of trusts, gave more freedom to small businesses, and free kids from work
What was President Roosevelt perspective on monopolies?
Regulate monopolies (Sherman Antitrust Act, Clayton Antitrust Act, and Square Deal)
What type of foreign policy did George Washington believe in?
Policy stated in his Farewell Address to be neutral in foreign affairs as much as possible (Neutrality and Unilateralism)
Explain the U.S. Supreme Court decision Plessey v. Ferguson?
separate but equal is fair
What policies did the Monroe Doctrine incorporate?
This warned European powers against future colonization in the Western Hemisphere, or interference in Latin American Republics
What two affairs provoked the war between the U.S. and Mexico?
Texas-Mexico border, and US sending troops to Rio Grande (deep into what Mexico considered was their territory)
List three reasons some people supported imperialism?
Supplied resources for their industries, served as markets for their manufactured foods, spread Christianity and democracy, and was a form of Social Darwinism
What is yellow journalism and give an example?
Exaggerated style of newspaper reports during the 1890s
What did the Platt Amendment provide the U.S.?
The right to intervene in Cuban affairs at any time
What two events increased public opinion in favor of war with Spain?
USS Maine Vessel explosion leading to yellow journalism, and “aid Cuban people” in a Spanish crisis
What countries did Spain cede to the U.S. by signing the Treaty of Paris 1898?
Guam and Puerto Rico
U.S. foreign policy changed to what after the Spanish-American War?
1899; “Open Door” Policy: giving equal trading rights to all foreign nations in China
What was Teddy Roosevelt’s and Woodrow Wilson’s view on foreign policy (it was not the same)?
(NOT THE SAME)
Roosevelt thought that the US was of great power and must exert influence over the world, and use force if necessary.
Wilson was more of the ideals rather than economic investment, and preferred not to use force
Explain what happen to Queen Liliuokalani?
She was a Native ruler who tried to take political power back from American landowners. In response, the landowners overthrew her in 1893
Why did the U.S. support Panama’s rebellion against Colombia?
The Panama rebels would return the favor by giving the US complete control of a 10-mile strip of rain forest through the center of Panama (Panama Canal Zone
How does Teddy Roosevelt’s Corollary speech relate to the Monroe Doctrine?
The policy didn’t allow outside countries to interfere with the Western hemisphere, or US grounds.
Why did President Wilson create the Committee on Public Information?
it created pro-war propaganda
List the four main reasons that lead to WWI. (hint – MANE)
Nationalism, Alliances, Militarism, Expansion
Which new weaponry technology led to the development of trench warfare?
tanks and cannons
What were push and pull factors in the Great Migration?
high living cost, low wages, job openings & high wages
What was Wilson’s policy regarding war during 1914?
not to have allies, stay neutral
What was the US’s final decision on the Treaty of Versailles?
they didn’t sign it because of the reparations
Explain the court case Schenck vs. United States
free speech was denied
List the new fighting technologies/methods used in WWI
uboats, machine guns, tanks, cannons
After which battle did the Germans agree to a truce?
Meuse- Argonne Offensive
What did Germany promise to Mexico in the Zimmerman note?
Germany would get Texas, New Mexico, and Arkansas back.
Why did the government sell bonds to ordinary citizens?
so the US could have money for the war
What happen to the U.S. economy after World War I
High Inflation and Increasing Unemployment.
How would the League of Nations maintain peace (according to Wilson)?
for there not to be another war
How would the League of Nations maintain peace (according to Wilson)?
by the mere fact that it would bring different nations together in unity.
What started the fighting between Austria-Hungary and Serbia? 1920s & Great Depression
Archduke Ferdinand got assassinated by a Serbian
What was the purpose of the Emigration Act of 1921
Cap the number of immigrants allowed in the U.S.
What was the Teapot Dome Scandal and what president is it associated with it?
The Teapot Dome Scandal is associated with President Warren G. Harding’s Secretary of the Interior Fall who leased national oil reserves to companies that had paid him $360,000 in bribes.
What cause the economic boom in the 1920s
Innovations led to new industries.
What invention cause rapid growth in the suburbs oppose to cities?
Automobiles
What grassroots organization was formed in the 1920s to inform citizens of public issues?
League of Woman Voters
Explain the Harlem Renaissances?
It was an outpouring of creativity among African American poets, writers, and artists.
Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington played an influential role in what kind of music?
Jazz
Why did some people support prohibition and why did some people oppose it?
Support: because they believed it led to crime, violence, and break up of families. Oppose: bootlegging led to organize crime
Explain the Scopes trial and what role did William Jennings Bryan play?
Scopes trial central focus was can the state ban the teaching of evolution in public schools. William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor for the state of Tennessee.
What is the Hawley –Smoot Tariff Act and how did it make the Great Depression worse?
Hawley-Smoot Act raised the taxes of imported goods due to this other countries boycott U.S. products.
What happen October 29, 1929 and what is that day referred to?
Stock prices fell (Stock Market Crash) also known as Black Tuesday.
What was the most vital problem during the Great Depression?
High unemployment
What was the name of FDR’s plan to help fix the problems during the Great Depression and what did he accomplish in the first hundred days?
The New Deal, in his first hundred days congress passed a record number of bills to promote economic recovery.
What were the two causes for poor crop production in the dust bowl region?
Drought and overused the land.
What were the aspects of the Indian New Deal?
It ended the policy that forced American Indians at assimilate.
