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1
Q

Earliest sonographic evidence of normal IUP?

A

intradecidual sign

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2
Q

what is intradecidual sac sign?

A
  • early gestational sac
  • intrauterine fluid collection
  • echogenic area of markedly thickened decidua on one side of uterine cavity
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3
Q

intradecidual sac sign –> threshold level? discriminatory level?

A
  • as early as 24 days GA

- should definitely see by 47 days GA

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4
Q

carotid US –> asymmetric flow –> velocity difference?

A

20cm/sec or greater

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5
Q

carotid dissection –> imaging study of choice –> US –> T/F?

A

F

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6
Q

common carotid artery –> normal flow velocity?

A

> 45 cm/sec

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7
Q

carotid US –> asymmetric flow –> possible etiologies? (4)

A
  • normal
  • proximal stenosis
  • distal obstruction
  • carotid dissection
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8
Q

carotid US –> high flow velocity?

A

> 135 cm/sec

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9
Q

carotid US –> bilateral high flow velocity –> possible etiology (2)?

A
  • HTN –> high cardiac output

- young athlete

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10
Q

carotid US –> low flow velocity?

A

<45 cm/sec

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11
Q

carotid US –> bilateral low flow velocity –> possible etiology (3)?

A
  • cardiomyopathy –> poor cardiac output
  • heart valve disease
  • extensive MI
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12
Q

carotid US –> ICA/CCA peak systolic velocity ratio –> measures low and then high –> what is going on?

A

patient has arrhythmia

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13
Q

what is tardus-parvus waveform? indicates what?

A

prolonged systolic acceleration time with low peak systolic velocity

severe proximal stenosis

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14
Q

carotid US –> single patent vessel beyond carotid bifurcation –> how can tell if ICA or ECA?

A

ECA: ECA branches

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15
Q

ICA total occlusion –> US findings? (4)

A
  • “thud flow”: to and fro flow pattern at point of occlusion
  • absent flow
  • damped resistive flow in CCA
  • thrombus
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16
Q

ICA –> no stenosis:

  • ICA PSV?
  • ICA/CCA PSV ratio?
A
  • ICA PSV: <125 cm/sec

- ICA/CCA PSV ratio: <2.0

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17
Q

ICA –> <50% stenosis:

  • ICA PSV?
  • ICA/CCA PSV ratio?
A
  • ICA PSV: <125 cm/sec

- ICA/CCA PSV ratio: <2.0

18
Q

ICA –> 50-69% stenosis:

  • ICA PSV?
  • ICA/CCA PSV ratio?
A
  • ICA PSV: 125-230 cm/sec

- ICA/CCA PSV ratio: 2.0-4.0

19
Q

ICA –> >70% stenosis:

  • ICA PSV?
  • ICA/CCA PSV ratio?
A
  • ICA PSV: >230 cm/sec

- ICA/CCA PSV ratio: >4.0

20
Q

ICA –> near occlusion:

  • ICA PSV?
  • ICA/CCA PSV ratio?
A
  • ICA PSV: high, low, or undetectable

- ICA/CCA PSV ratio: variable

21
Q

ICA –> total occlusion:

  • ICA PSV?
  • ICA/CCA PSV ratio?
A
  • ICA PSV: undetectable

- ICA/CCA PSV ratio: N/A

22
Q

what is subclavian steal?

A

proximal subclavian A stenosis/occlusion –> retrograde flow of ipsilat vertebral A

23
Q

complete subclavian steal –> vertebral A –> waveform finding?

A

reversed/retrograde flow

24
Q

partial subclavian steal (aka early/occult/latent subclavian steal, “presteal” state)–> vertebral A –> waveform findings?

A
  • bunny waveform sign: biphasic –> midsystolic deceleration –> late systolic antegrade flow
  • exercise arm: retrograde late systolic velocity (indicate subclavian steal)
25
Q

ectopic preg –> MC location?

A

fallopian tube ampulla

26
Q

what US criteria correlates with severity of renal A stenosis?

A

peak systolic velocity in stenotic portion

27
Q

postmenopausal & vag bleeding –> normal endometrial thickness?

28
Q

postmenopausal & no vag bleeding –> normal endometrial thickness?

29
Q

Diethylstilbestrel (DES) exposure –> uterus findings? (2)

A
  • hypoplastic uterus

- T-shaped endometrial contour

30
Q

Diethylstilbestrel (DES) exposure –> complication?

A

clear cell vaginal CA

31
Q

What ultrasound criterion can predict the degree of renal artery stenosis?

A

Elevated velocity in the stenotic portion of the vessel

32
Q

resistive index (RI) –> normal range?

33
Q

low RI –> ddx? (2)

A
  • prox stenosis

- distal vascular shunt

34
Q

What is the minimal threshold beta hCG level at which an intrauterine gestational sac should be visualized by transvaginal ultrasound?

35
Q

When does a corpus luteal cyst of pregnancy typically resolve or regress?

36
Q

In acute pyelonephritis, what is the most common finding on ultrasound?

37
Q

HIV –> gallbladder –> marked wall thick –> no stones, no perichol fluid –> HIV cholangiopathy –> MC org?

A

cryptosporidium, CMV, microsporidium

38
Q

An acceleration time of >.07 seconds is the threshold commonly used to define a tardus parvus waveform –> T/F?

39
Q

Gastroschisis is associated w cardiac abnormalities –> T/F?

40
Q

Gastroschisis is associated w chromosomal abnormalities –> T/F?

41
Q

Gastroschisis is associated w GI atresias –> T/F?

42
Q

omphalocele –> incidence of associated anomalies >75% –> T/F?

R1 (15 decks)

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