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R1 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

At what timepoint is a subdural hemorrhage considered chronic?

A

> 3wk

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2
Q

What cancers cause hemorrhagic mets to the brain? (5)

A
  1. lung & breast
  2. RCC
  3. thyroid
  4. chorioCA
  5. melanoma
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3
Q

68M w sudden R weak –> CT: acute lobar hemorrhage –> MRI: also mult peripheral microbleeds –> most likely dx?

A

acute hypertensive bleed with chronic hypertensive encephalopathy

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4
Q

68M h/o dementia –> sudden R weak, normal blood pressure –> CT: acute lobar hemorrhage –> MRI: also mult peripheral microbleeds –> most likely dx?

A

cerebral amyloid dz

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5
Q

spinal cord –> well-circumscribed intramedullary lesion with symmetric cord expansion –> dx?

A

cellular ependymoma of the spinal cord

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6
Q

internal auditory canal –> contains what nerves (4)?

A
  • facial N
  • cochlear N
  • superior vestibular N
  • inferior vestibular N
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7
Q

dura –> blood supply?

A

middle meningeal A

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8
Q

MC persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis

A

trigeminal A

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9
Q

2nd MC persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis

A

persistent hypoglossal A

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10
Q

Wernicke encephalopathy –> involves which brain structures? (5)

A

bilateral:
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- mamillary body
- tectal plate
- periaqueductal area

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11
Q

NF type 1 –> clinical presentation (mnenomic)

A

CAFE SPOT:

  • cafe au lait spots
  • axillary/inguinal freckling
  • (neuro)fibromas
  • eye hamartoma (Lisch nodule)
  • skeletal abnormalities
  • positive family hx
  • optic tumor (optic N glioma)
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12
Q

NF type 1 –> epidemiology

A

<8yo

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13
Q

NF type 1 –> pathology

A

inactivation of tumor suppressor gene –> hamartomatous disorder –> neurofibromas

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14
Q

NF type 1 –> increased risk for what?

A

increased incidence of numerous tumors

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15
Q

NF type 2 –> epidemiology

A

YA (18-24yo)

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16
Q

bilateral vestibular schwannoma –> dx?

A

NF type 2

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17
Q

NF type 2 –> characteristic features (3)?

A

MISME: mult inherited

  • schwannoma
  • meningioma
  • ependymoma
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18
Q

ACOM aneurysm –> hemorrhagic pattern?

A
  • interhemispheric subarachnoid hemorrhage

- frontal parenchymal hemorrhage

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19
Q

olfactory neuroblastoma –> classic sites of involvement? classic shape?

A
  • cribiform plate
  • orbit
  • nasal

“dumbbell” shape as it passes thru cribiform plate

20
Q

idiopathic orbital inflammation –> aka?

A

orbital pseudotumor

21
Q

idiopathic orbital inflammation –> clinical presentation?

A

rapid onset –> unilat:

  • painful proptosis
  • diplopia
22
Q

idiopathic orbital inflammation –> imaging features (2)?

A
  • enlargement of EOM

- inflamm of surrounding tissue –> ie. lacrimal gland, orbital fat, optic N sheath

23
Q

idiopathic orbital inflammation –> differentiate from thyroid-assoc orbitopathy?

A

IOI: involves tendons

TAO: tendon insertion pts are spared

24
Q

Marchiafava-Bignami –> epidemiology?

A

alcoholic M

25
Q

Marchiafava-Bignami –> classic imaging feature?

A

demyelination of corpus callosum

26
Q

paraganglioma –> classic MRI signs? (2)

A
  • salt & pepper: enhancing parenchmya & flow voids

- lightbulb: hyperintense T2

27
Q

spine –> MC intradural extramedullary lesion?

A

meningioma or schwannoma

28
Q

spine –> MC extradural lesion?

A

disc herniation

29
Q

MC jugular foramen lesion?

A

paraganglioma

30
Q

craniopharyngioma –> what are the 2 types?

which is MC?
which is ONLY in adults?

A
  • # 1 adamantinomatous

- papillary (adults only)

31
Q

craniopharyngioma –> adamantinomatous type –> contains what tissue densities? (3)

A
  • cyst
  • soft tissue
  • calcification
32
Q

craniopharyngioma –> adamantinomatous type –> cystic component –> MRI –> T1/T2 characteristics? why?

A

“motor oil cyst” –> high protein content:
T1: iso to hyper
T2: hyper

33
Q

diffuse axonal injury –> characteristic distribution?

A
  • grey-white matter jx

- corpus callosum

34
Q

cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) –> pathophys?

A

AD mutation –> microvasculopathy –> young-middle age –> recurrent TIA/stroke –> vascular dementia

35
Q

cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) –> MRI findings?

A

widespread confluent white matter hyperintensities

36
Q

cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL):

  • classic location of early disease?
  • what locations are spared? (2)
A

classic:
- ant temporal lobe
- external capsule

spares:
- cortex
- subcortical U-fibers

37
Q

Rasmussen encephalitis –> epidemiology

A

children

38
Q

Rasmussen encephalitis –> usu unilat or bilat?

A

unilat

39
Q

Rasmussen encephalitis –> course of dz?

A

viral-induced autoimmune dz –> sz –> progressive loss of motor fx –> cognitive decline –> cerebral atrophy

40
Q

MC neck paraganglioma

A

carotid body tumor

41
Q

types of spinal vascular malformations? (4)

A
  • dural AV fistula
  • AVM
  • cavernous malformation
  • capillary telangiectasia
42
Q

MC type of spinal vascular malformation

A

dural AV fistula

43
Q

spinal vascular malformation –> dural AV fistula –> findings? (2)

A
  • cord edema & enlrg

- prominent serpiginous intradural extramedullary vessel

44
Q

acute optic neuritis –> assoc w what condition? (2)

A

demyelinating diseases:

  • mult sclerosis
  • neuromyelitis optica
45
Q

what is neuromyelitis optica?

A

autoimmune demyelinating dz –> acute optic neuritis & spinal cord involvement

46
Q

neuromyelitis optica –> autoAb?

A

aquaporin-4

47
Q

MOST common location of chordomas

A

sacrum

R1 (15 decks)

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