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Us Flashcards

1
Q

What is acoustic energy create

A

Pressure waves that are transmitted into underlying tissue

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2
Q

What are the purposes of us

A

Heal tissue through mechanical nonthermal effects

Heat deeper tissue

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3
Q

What does heating deeper tissue do

A

Increase elasticity and rom

Decrease contractures

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4
Q

Depths of penitration superficially

Greater depths

A

O-1 cm

Up to 5 c

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5
Q

What does 1 MHz do

A

Penetrate deeper than 3

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6
Q

Superficial uses what MHz

Deeper

A

3

1

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7
Q

What does the crystal do

A

Contracts and expands in response to alternating current (vibration)

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8
Q

What does the vibration generate

A

Pressure waves that cause the molecules in the tissue to vibrate

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9
Q

What do the electronics of us do to the crystal

A

Modifies electrical energy and transmits it to the crystal

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10
Q

What do sound waves correspond to

A

Frequency range of us machine

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11
Q

How us works

A

Alternating electrical current is applied to the crystal
Crystal expands and contract
Sound waves

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12
Q

What is frequency

A

Number of oscillations a molecule undergoes in 1 second

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13
Q

What is 1 MHz

A

Longer wavelength

Up to 5 cm

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14
Q

What is 3mhz

A

Shorter wavelength

Absorbs up to 2 cm

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15
Q

What is intensity

A

Measure of power delivered per unit area

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16
Q

Intensity for acute

A

0.1-0.5

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17
Q

Intensity for subacute

A

0.5-1

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18
Q

Intensity for chronic

A

1-2

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19
Q

What to do if the pt reports deep war,th and heat

A

Decrease intensity or move wand more

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20
Q

What is duty cycle

A

Percent of time us is on during tx

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21
Q

What is continuous

A

100%

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22
Q

What is pulsed

A

50,20,10% of time

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23
Q

What is longer time duration for

Less

A

Larger area
Deeper tissue
Smaller and acute

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24
Q

How many sessions

A

9-12

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25
Q

What is effective radiating area

A

Area of the transducer that produces the sound waves

26
Q

What does a larger head do

A

Focuses beam

27
Q

What does a smaller head do

A

Disperse energy

28
Q

What is us

A

Deep heat

Acoustic energy

29
Q

Variables that affect dosage of us

A 
Frequency 
Wavelength
Intensity
Era 
Continuous or pulsed
Coupling medium
Structure of target tissues
Duration of
30
Q

What is attenuation

A

Decrease in the intensity of energy

31
Q

How does a decrease in the intensity of the energy happen

A

Absorption of energy by tissue

Scattering secondary to reelection of refraction

32
Q

What is summative effect

A

If reflected waves reverse course and return towards the sand which leads to areas of intense energy and hot spots

33
Q

What is cavitation

A

Formation and collapse of vapor filled cavities or bubble in liquids

34
Q

What does cavitation cause

A

Expansion and compression of gas bubbles in blood

35
Q

What generates cavitation

A

Pressure changes from sound waves

36
Q

What is stable cavitation

A

Expand and contraction of gas bubbles
Nonthermal mechanical effects at the cellular membrane
Higher intensity

37
Q

What is unstable cavitation

A

Fore frequent with 1 MHz

Energy is released into surrounding tissue and increases temp that can damage tissue and blood

38
Q

What is acoustic streaming secondary to.

A

Cavitation

39
Q

What is acoustic streaming

A

Unidirectional movt of the fluid within the pressure field that leads to increased cell membrane permeability

40
Q

Indications for nonthermal us

A 
Tissue healing and repair 
Increase protein synthesis 
Fractures
Acute injury of inflammation
Acute injury of inflammation of pN
Open wounds 
Myofascial trigger points
41
Q

What are nonthermal effects at the cell membrane

A

Mechanical vibrations
Cavitation
Acoustic streaming
Micro massage

42
Q

Non thermal setting

A

0.1-0.2 w cm
20% pulsed duty cycle
Repeat 24-48 hours

43
Q

Thermal or continuous settings

A

1-2 intensity
5-20 min
Depth heat modality

44
Q

How does heat accumulate

A

Via kinetic energy conversion

45
Q

What absorbs energy best

A

Protein dense tissue (muscle)

46
Q

Indications for thermal us

A 
Contractures 
Scars 
Chronic conditions
Increase tissue extensibility 
Pain modulation 
Increase blood flow
Soft tissue healing
Decrease mm spasm
47
Q

Effects of thermal us

A 
Increase extensibility 
Decrease pain 
Decerase jt stiffness
Increase blood flow
Decrease muscle spams 
Decrease chronic inflammation
48
Q

Changes that occur in tissue healing

A

Increase metabolic rate
Increase blood flow and tissue permeabilit
Increase elasticity of connective tissue
Elevate pain threshold
Increase enzymatic reactivity stimulating immune system

49
Q

What should a lower intensity be used with

Why

A

3 MHz

To prevent too high of an increase in tissue temp

50
Q

Application info

A

Initial tx is shorter
Acute conditions needs shorter time than chronic
Smaller areas need less time than large

51
Q

What to use for heat

Heal

A

Pulsed

Continuous

52
Q

Acute use

A

0.1-.5
10-20% duty cycle
Won’t feel warmth.

53
Q

Subacute info

A

.5-1
50% duty cycle
More energy with minimal thermal effects

54
Q

Precautions of us

A

Acute inflammation
Fractures
Breast implants

Cog sensory impairments

55
Q

Contraindications for us

A 
Pregnant 
Reproductive organs
Eye
Thrombophlebitis 
Plastic components like joint implants
Pacemaker
CNS tissue 
Malignancy or tumor 
Active bleeding
Infection
56
Q

What is phonophoresis

A

U.S. Is used to deliver topical drugs

57
Q

What is better with phono

A

Thermal

58
Q

Application of us

A

1.5 intensity

.5 for open wounds

59
Q

Transducer speed in phono

A

4 cm per sec with area twice the size of the head

60
Q

If pt complains of pain

A

Lower intensity
Increase movt speed
Stop

508 (10 decks)

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