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508 > Pain > Flashcards

Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What aspects does OT address with pain

A

biophysical
psychological
social

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2
Q

Chracteristics of acute pain

A

last sec-days
no longer than 6mo
sudden onset

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3
Q

What is the function of acute pain

A

Warning or protection

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4
Q

What accompanies acute pain

A

inflammation and more localized

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5
Q

What is chronic pain

A 
Recurs at intervals 
more generalized
6mo +
Anguish, depression
Dull aching
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6
Q

What is referred pain

A

Pain perceived to be in areas other than where the nociceptors are stimulated
tigger points are often present

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7
Q

What is nocioceptive pain

A

Specific to a stimulus
hot
sharp
issue irritation

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8
Q

What is the type of pain response dependent on

A

excitatory inputs
C fibers
A delta fibers

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9
Q

characteristics of C fibers

A

Slower
onset after stimulus
pain is dull, throbbing, aching, burning
ma be accompanied by increased HR, sweating, difficult to withstand for long periods

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10
Q

Characteristics of A delta fibers

A

move quickly
onset at time of stimulus
sharp, stabbing, prickling

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11
Q

What is the order of activation of nociceptors

A

Nociceptors to PNS to Spinal cord to Brain then back to body part

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12
Q

What is visceral pain

A

subtype of nociceptive pain

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13
Q

Characteristics of Nociceptive pain

A

sudden onset
poorly localized
viscus

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14
Q

What is viscus

A

organ of the digestive, respiratory, urogenital, endocrine system

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15
Q

Characteristics of somatic pain

A

constant
localized
Somatic

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16
Q

What is somatic

A

relating to the body in general; skeletal muscle

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17
Q

What causes neuropathic pain

A

illness or injury to the PNS or CNS

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18
Q

What does neuropathic pain feel like

A

Burning
lancinating, sharp, knife like
Electric, shock like

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19
Q

What can trigger neuropathic pain

A

non painful stimulus (light touch, cool breeze)

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20
Q

Examples of neuropathic pain

A

Fibromyalgia

complex regional pain syndrome

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21
Q

How to treat neuropathic pain

A

proactively and quickly b/c it can be indicitive of a more serious issue

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22
Q

What is the concept of the neuromatrix theory

A

pain is produced by the output of a neural network in the brain

23
Q

Characterisitcs of the neruromatrix theory

A

genetically determined
modified by sensory experience
mechanism that generates the neural pattern produces pain
somatic seonsry input= only 1 factor contributing to pain

24
Q

Concept of the gate control theory

A

modulation of peripheral stimuli occurs in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

25
Q

What do large a beta fibers do

A

close the gate (don’t allow message to go through)

inhibitory input

26
Q

Wat do small c fibers do

A

open the gate (allows message to go through)

27
Q

What is the basis of the theory for TENS

A

Gate control

28
Q

What is severity of pain determined by in the gate control theory

A

balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs

29
Q

Treatment in the gate control theory

A

used to treat acute pain
tx applied at site of pain
efffects of tx last for duration of tx and shortly after
pleasant sensation

30
Q

What is the concept of the opiate-mediated pain theory

A

endogenous opioids affect both the CNS and PNS through the interaction of specific chemo-receptors and pain mediating substances

31
Q

What is the endorphin theory utilized for

A

chronic pain

32
Q

Characteristics of the endorphin theory

A

Tx applied at and around site
effects last beyond tx
often unpleasant noxious stimuli or less bearable persisting pain

33
Q

main idea of the endorphin theory

A

decrease bad chemicals and increase good endorphins

34
Q

What is the biophysical approach

A

multifaceted reaction based on anatomical, physiological, chemical, and psycholgical pactors

35
Q

What does the biophysical approach take into account

A

behavioral, cognitive-affective, and environmental factors

36
Q

What is a holistic tx approach to pain

A

Biophysical approach

37
Q

What kind of pain responds well to pams

A

Acute pain

38
Q

Why do pams not work well for chronic pain

A

bc there is no actual tissue damage

39
Q

Treatment for chronic pain

A 
Limited use of PAMS
Behavior mod 
pt. edu 
Med
general conditioning 
TENS
40
Q

What do referred pain trigger points not respond to

A

Pams

41
Q

How to stimulate trigger points

A 
Acute overload
overwork
fatigue 
cold
direct trauma to the muscles
illness (flu)
stress
42
Q

what are trigger points

A

small localized hyersensative areas located in the muscle or fascia

43
Q

Diagnostic criteria for tigger points

A

tenderness in a hyperirratible spot w/in a palpable taut band
a local twitch response
elicited referrred pain w/ palpitation

44
Q

What are the 2 most common sources of pain seen clinically

A

peripheral neurogenic

peripheral nociceptive

45
Q

where is peripheral neurogenic pain

A

neural tissue

46
Q

Signs of perpheral neurogenic

A

limitations in motion
pain
parathesias
sensory changes

47
Q

where is peripheral nociceptive pain

A

Often mechanical

48
Q

Symptom of peripheral nociceptive pain

A

Inflammation

49
Q

What to peripheral neurogenic and nociceptive respond well to

A

intervention

50
Q

What to do in an initial eval for pain

A

find the underlying pathology

e.g. sprain, tear, fracture, infection, obstruction, arthritis, autoimmune disorder

51
Q

Autonomic or sympathetic symptoms

A

Nausea
Sweating
flushing
sensation of hot or cold in affected area

52
Q

What to look at in a pain assessment

A 
Description of pain
dev of it and history
location
pattern of it over time 
what exacerbates or diminishes it 
functional lvl or impairment 
previous interventions
53
Q

Physiological responses to pain

A 
Muscle spasms
Guarding
Fatigue
Fear
Weakness

508 (10 decks)

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