Ionto Flashcards
What happens during ionto
Dc moves ions in particular direction(likes repel, opposites attract)
Substance in ionto needs to be what
Ionic and placed under the electrode with the same charge
What happens after it crosses the stratum
Meds disperse into local tissues
Highest concentration located in tissue closest to electrode
Concentration will decrease as it moves further away
How far is ion penetration
1mm below electrode surface
How is penitration achieved
Capillary action and biophysical conductance of the current
What is the working electrode
Holds meds
What is the indifferent electrode
Completes circuit
Anode characteristics
Positive
Acidic reaction
Sclerolytic (creates hardening effect)
What is the cathode
Negative
Alkaline reaction
Softening agent (scars and burns)
Where is the med pad placed
Over area to be treated
Where is the indifferent pad placed
4-6 inches away over a major muscle
What is the electrode with solution called
Active
Delivery
Tx electrode
What is the electrode called that completes the circuit
Dispersive
Indifferent
Inactive
Return
What is dosage determined on
Current
Duration
Equation for dose
Drug=current x time
What does the current density do
Determines if a small safe amount of meds is being deivered
What is the max amt of meds
4 mamp
What is a galvanic rash caused by
Ramping up the current too quickly
What do you use a lower current density for
Prevent burning and irritation
Factors affecting effectiveness
Number of ions transferred
Depth of penetration
Substances on skin
Ability of ion to enter skin (adispose/thickened tissue)
What is a ionto patch
Self contained system with a battery that produces an electric current
What to use ionto for
CTS Epicondylitis Ulnar nerve inflammation Elbow strain sprain Radio humeral bursitis Tendinitis Deqervains
Most common ionto drug
Dexamethasone
Cathode reactions
Neg electrode Attract positive ions Increased density of proteins Increased n excitability Hyper polarization effect
Anode reactions
Positive electrode
Attract negative ions
Decreased density of proteins
Decreased nerve excitability through depolarization
Precautions
Sensitivity to meds
Abnormal reaction to skin
Allergies
Diabetes (can cause blood sugar spike)
Contraindications
Allergies
Application over skin irritation bruises lacerations
Impaired of absent sensation
Same for estim
Application
Use a soothing lotion with ph
Make sure the pads are soaked
When to do ionto
Every other day
Half life of dexamethasone
When does decrease pain occur
4-6 txs
What does inflammation demonstrate
Signs of decreasing
When should tx be stopped
If pt is not getting 50% relief.
What is ionto
Active transdermal method in which ionized drugs are topically delivered into local areas of tissue using dc
Uses an electrical current to deliver meds through skin
