Ionto

Question 1

What happens during ionto

Answer 1

Dc moves ions in particular direction(likes repel, opposites attract)

Question 2

Substance in ionto needs to be what

Answer 2

Ionic and placed under the electrode with the same charge

Question 3

What happens after it crosses the stratum

Answer 3

Meds disperse into local tissues
Highest concentration located in tissue closest to electrode
Concentration will decrease as it moves further away

Question 4

How far is ion penetration

Answer 4

1mm below electrode surface

Question 5

How is penitration achieved

Answer 5

Capillary action and biophysical conductance of the current

Question 6

What is the working electrode

Answer 6

Holds meds

Question 7

What is the indifferent electrode

Answer 7

Completes circuit

Question 8

Anode characteristics

Answer 8

Positive
Acidic reaction
Sclerolytic (creates hardening effect)

Question 9

What is the cathode

Answer 9

Negative
Alkaline reaction
Softening agent (scars and burns)

Question 10

Where is the med pad placed

Answer 10

Over area to be treated

Question 11

Where is the indifferent pad placed

Answer 11

4-6 inches away over a major muscle

Question 12

What is the electrode with solution called

Answer 12

Active
Delivery
Tx electrode

Question 13

What is the electrode called that completes the circuit

Answer 13

Dispersive
Indifferent
Inactive
Return

Question 14

What is dosage determined on

Answer 14

Current

Duration

Question 15

Equation for dose

Answer 15

Drug=current x time

Question 16

What does the current density do

Answer 16

Determines if a small safe amount of meds is being deivered

Question 17

What is the max amt of meds

Answer 17

4 mamp

Question 18

What is a galvanic rash caused by

Answer 18

Ramping up the current too quickly

Question 19

What do you use a lower current density for

Answer 19

Prevent burning and irritation

Question 20

Factors affecting effectiveness

Answer 20

Number of ions transferred
Depth of penetration
Substances on skin
Ability of ion to enter skin (adispose/thickened tissue)

Question 21

What is a ionto patch

Answer 21

Self contained system with a battery that produces an electric current

Question 22

What to use ionto for

Answer 22

CTS 
Epicondylitis 
Ulnar nerve inflammation
Elbow strain sprain
Radio humeral bursitis 
Tendinitis 
Deqervains

Question 23

Most common ionto drug

Answer 23

Dexamethasone

Question 24

Cathode reactions

Answer 24

Neg electrode 
Attract positive ions 
Increased density of proteins 
Increased n excitability 
Hyper polarization effect

Question 25

Anode reactions

Answer 25

Positive electrode
Attract negative ions
Decreased density of proteins
Decreased nerve excitability through depolarization

Question 26

Precautions

Answer 26

Sensitivity to meds
Abnormal reaction to skin
Allergies
Diabetes (can cause blood sugar spike)

Question 27

Contraindications

Answer 27

Allergies
Application over skin irritation bruises lacerations
Impaired of absent sensation
Same for estim

Question 28

Application

Answer 28

Use a soothing lotion with ph

Make sure the pads are soaked

Question 29

When to do ionto

Answer 29

Every other day

Half life of dexamethasone

Question 30

When does decrease pain occur

Answer 30

4-6 txs

Question 31

What does inflammation demonstrate

Answer 31

Signs of decreasing

Question 32

When should tx be stopped

Answer 32

If pt is not getting 50% relief.

Question 33

What is ionto

Answer 33

Active transdermal method in which ionized drugs are topically delivered into local areas of tissue using dc
Uses an electrical current to deliver meds through skin