URTI Flashcards
What does URTI stand for?
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection.
What are the common causes of URTI?
Viruses (e.g., rhinovirus, influenza virus) and bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pyogenes).
What are the main symptoms of URTI?
Fever, sore throat, nasal congestion, cough, and headache.
What is rhinitis?
Inflammation of the nasal mucosa, often caused by viruses or allergens.
What are the clinical features of sinusitis?
Facial pain, nasal discharge, headache, and fever.
What is pharyngitis?
Inflammation of the pharynx, causing sore throat and difficulty swallowing.
What bacteria most commonly cause pharyngitis?
Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes).
What is laryngitis?
Inflammation of the larynx, leading to hoarseness and voice loss.
What is epiglottitis
and why is it an emergency?
What organism commonly causes epiglottitis?
Haemophilus influenzae type B.
What is otitis media?
Infection of the middle ear, often occurring in children.
What are the common symptoms of otitis media?
Ear pain, fever, and hearing loss.
What are the risk factors for otitis media?
Young age, upper respiratory infections, and Eustachian tube dysfunction.
What is the treatment for bacterial sinusitis?
Antibiotics, usually amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate.
How is streptococcal pharyngitis diagnosed?
Rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and throat culture.
What is the first-line treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis?
Penicillin or amoxicillin.
What complications can arise from untreated streptococcal pharyngitis?
Rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
What is the role of vaccines in preventing URTI?
Vaccines like influenza and Hib reduce the incidence of URTIs.
What is croup?
A viral infection causing inflammation of the larynx and trachea, presenting with a barking cough and stridor.
What is the first-line treatment for croup?
Dexamethasone and nebulized epinephrine in severe cases.
What is the most common cause of the common cold?
Rhinovirus.
How is the common cold managed?
Symptomatic treatment with hydration, decongestants, and analgesics.
What are the preventive measures for URTI?
Hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and vaccination.
What is the significance of Group A Streptococcus in URTI?
It can cause pharyngitis and lead to serious complications if untreated.
