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BLOCK POSTING 4 > URTI > Flashcards

URTI Flashcards

1
Q

What does URTI stand for?

A

Upper Respiratory Tract Infection.

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2
Q

What are the common causes of URTI?

A

Viruses (e.g., rhinovirus, influenza virus) and bacteria (e.g., Streptococcus pyogenes).

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3
Q

What are the main symptoms of URTI?

A

Fever, sore throat, nasal congestion, cough, and headache.

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4
Q

What is rhinitis?

A

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa, often caused by viruses or allergens.

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5
Q

What are the clinical features of sinusitis?

A

Facial pain, nasal discharge, headache, and fever.

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6
Q

What is pharyngitis?

A

Inflammation of the pharynx, causing sore throat and difficulty swallowing.

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7
Q

What bacteria most commonly cause pharyngitis?

A

Group A Streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes).

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8
Q

What is laryngitis?

A

Inflammation of the larynx, leading to hoarseness and voice loss.

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9
Q

What is epiglottitis

A

and why is it an emergency?

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10
Q

What organism commonly causes epiglottitis?

A

Haemophilus influenzae type B.

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11
Q

What is otitis media?

A

Infection of the middle ear, often occurring in children.

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12
Q

What are the common symptoms of otitis media?

A

Ear pain, fever, and hearing loss.

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13
Q

What are the risk factors for otitis media?

A

Young age, upper respiratory infections, and Eustachian tube dysfunction.

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14
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial sinusitis?

A

Antibiotics, usually amoxicillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate.

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15
Q

How is streptococcal pharyngitis diagnosed?

A

Rapid antigen detection test (RADT) and throat culture.

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16
Q

What is the first-line treatment for streptococcal pharyngitis?

A

Penicillin or amoxicillin.

17
Q

What complications can arise from untreated streptococcal pharyngitis?

A

Rheumatic fever and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.

18
Q

What is the role of vaccines in preventing URTI?

A

Vaccines like influenza and Hib reduce the incidence of URTIs.

19
Q

What is croup?

A

A viral infection causing inflammation of the larynx and trachea, presenting with a barking cough and stridor.

20
Q

What is the first-line treatment for croup?

A

Dexamethasone and nebulized epinephrine in severe cases.

21
Q

What is the most common cause of the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus.

22
Q

How is the common cold managed?

A

Symptomatic treatment with hydration, decongestants, and analgesics.

23
Q

What are the preventive measures for URTI?

A

Hand hygiene, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and vaccination.

24
Q

What is the significance of Group A Streptococcus in URTI?

A

It can cause pharyngitis and lead to serious complications if untreated.

25
Q

What are the indications for tonsillectomy?

A

Recurrent tonsillitis, sleep apnea, or significant airway obstruction.

BLOCK POSTING 4 (8 decks)

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