STI Flashcards
What is the difference between an STI and an STD?
STIs refer to infections transmitted via sexual contact that may or may not develop into a disease (STD).
What are common complications of STIs?
Infertility, congenital deformities, stillbirth, increased HIV risk, and cancers (e.g., cervical cancer).
What are the main modes of STI transmission?
Sexual contact (vaginal, oral, anal) and non-sexual means (vertical, transfusion, unsafe medical practices).
What are the four curable bacterial STIs?
Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, Syphilis, and Trichomoniasis.
What are examples of non-curable viral STIs?
HIV, HSV (herpes simplex virus), and HPV (human papillomavirus).
What is the primary virulence factor of Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
IgA protease, capsule, Opa proteins, and pilus for adherence and immune evasion.
What is the gold standard for diagnosing gonorrhoea?
Culture on Modified Thayer Martin or Chocolate agar.
What is the common treatment for gonorrhoea?
Ceftriaxone 250 mg IM plus doxycycline for co-infections.
What is the causative agent of syphilis?
Treponema pallidum, a spirochete.
What are the three stages of syphilis?
Primary (chancre), Secondary (rash and systemic symptoms), Tertiary (cardiovascular and neurosyphilis).
How is syphilis diagnosed?
Dark-field microscopy, VDRL/RPR (non-specific tests), and FTA-ABS (specific test).
What is the first-line treatment for syphilis?
Penicillin G; alternatives include doxycycline for penicillin-allergic patients.
What is lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV)?
A systemic STI caused by Chlamydia trachomatis serovars L1-L3.
What are the key clinical features of trichomoniasis?
Copious foul-smelling discharge, pruritus, and strawberry cervix in women.
What is the recommended treatment for trichomoniasis?
Metronidazole 2 g single dose.
What are the complications of HPV infection?
Cervical cancer, genital warts, and other anogenital cancers.
What vaccines are available for HPV prevention?
Vaccines against high-risk HPV types 16 and 18, among others.
What is the syndromic management approach for STIs?
Treatment based on clusters of signs and symptoms without laboratory diagnosis.
What are the advantages of syndromic STI management?
Immediate treatment, fewer complications, and applicability in resource-limited settings.
What are the disadvantages of syndromic STI management?
Missed asymptomatic infections, over-diagnosis, and increased antibiotic resistance.
What are the risk factors for STIs?
Risky sexual behavior, occupation, customs, traditions, and multiple sexual partners.
What are the main types of syndromic classifications of STIs?
Urethral discharge, genital ulcers, inguinal swelling, vaginal discharge, lower abdominal pain, and neonatal eye infections.
What is the primary cause of bacterial vaginosis?
Gardnerella vaginalis, a Gram-variable rod.
What are the clinical features of bacterial vaginosis?
Thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge with a fishy odor and increased vaginal pH.
