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Equine Medicine > URT Dz and Sx > Flashcards

URT Dz and Sx Flashcards

1
Q

How does UAResist change with normal horse, exercising insp and exp

A

normal 66% UAR
ex - insp - 80%
ex - ex - 50%

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2
Q

Ddx for mass sitting in the back of the false nostril

A

atheroma
neoplasia
foreign body/abscess
erupting tooth

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3
Q

How do you deal with the atheroma?

A

it’s cystlike so do try to get all the secretory lining becuse it will come back anywy. inject with formalin and will fal out. This will prevent the scar

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4
Q

why would we do a nasal septum resection

A

to remove a mass that impedes. secondary to trauma causing thickening, nasal deviation like wry nose

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5
Q

What are the indications for nasal septum resection

A

respiratory noise at rest

palpable thickening of the septum

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6
Q

methods to remove the nasal septum

A

obstetrical wire
guarded chisel ventral
and trephined hole for on dorsum
or osteotomy - make the flap and can see everything, prevents a lot of bleeding, etc.

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7
Q

A history of sinusitis will include

A

smelly unilateral or bilateral discharge

recent URT infection

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8
Q

How to dx sinocentesis

A

don’t hit the infraorbital nerve, go above or below
sinoscopy *** - do guttural pouches here too
CT
Multiple rad view - Fluid lines, masses and tooth root disease can frequently be detected radiographically
Clin Exam

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9
Q

CLinical signs of sinusitis

A 
afebrile
palpation of paranasals
facial deformity
epiphora
percussion
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10
Q

Tx of primary sinusitis

A

take sinus sample to send off
get rid of as much debris as possible - lavage
use the steinman pin

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11
Q

Tx of secondary sinusitis

A

remove the problem - hematomas, sinus cyst, neoplassia, infected teeth

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12
Q

What is PEH

A

expanding mass of blood from ethmoid plate

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13
Q

recurrence of PEH

A

43%

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14
Q

CLinical signs of PEH

A

just s trickle of blood

sometimes stidor

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15
Q

Tx of PEH

A

nasofrontal flap and inject formalin. injet until full at 3-4 week intercals and then take out

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16
Q

DX of PEH

A

endoscopy
defin - histopath
CT, MRI

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17
Q

Ddx of PEH

A

Fungal granuloma
neoplasia - SSC
nasal polyps - not there though

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18
Q

position of the SP is determined by which cranial nerves?

A

CN 5 -tensor veli palatine - elevating SP
CN 10 - levator veli palatine, SP proper
CN 10 - palatinus - SP proper
CN 10 - palatopharyngeus - along the lateral side connecting the SP and thyroid cartilage

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19
Q

which muscle lifts the SP dorsally?

A

the levator veli palatini

20
Q

Who does pharyngitis hit most?

A
21
Q

Pharyngitis is also called

A

pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia

22
Q

Grading system for PLH

A

1 - normal, few inacctive follicles
2 - numerous small inactive with odd hyperemic follicle
3 - numerous active follicles that are pink and close together
4 - large edmatous follicales that coalsce sometimes

23
Q

Tx of PLH

A

rest
anti-inflamm (not AM)
rest, bute will go away

24
Q

cause of pharyngeal collapse

A

dysfunction of CN 9

25
Q

What is the cause of choanal atresia

A

failure of the foal to absorb the bucconasal membrane

26
Q

Potential etiologies for DDSP

A 
long soft palate
epiglottic hypoplasia
nerve dysfunction to muscles (CN 10, 5)
caudal retraction of tongue, causing the tongue to push the SP up
etc
27
Q

CLinical signs/history of DDSP

A

exercise intolerance
hypercarbia/.hypoxia
horses look like choking down or swallowing their tongue.

28
Q

Dx of DDSP

A

endoscopy

29
Q

Tx of DDSP

A
  1. figure8 nose band, tongue tie, etc.
  2. staphylectomy - partial SP resection - 60% success
    3,. myectomy - sternohyoideus resection with the tendon to cartilage (thyroid) - 60%
  3. combined 2 and 3.
  4. epiglottic augmentation - inject teflon 60% success
  5. palatoplasty - 60-70% surgery to scar up the epiglottis
  6. tie-forward - from caudal wings of thyroid to basihyoid bone. 80-82%
30
Q

Dx of Epiglot entrap

A

endoscopy - see obscuring of the blood vessels on the top of the epiglottis. big mass here. Loss of serrated mucosa on ventral epiglottis
SOmetimes associated with hypoplastic trachea as well

31
Q

Tx of Epiglot entrapments

A
  1. axial deviation via laser
  2. transnasal or transoral axial deviation with curved bistoury - but make sure you know what you have
  3. axial deviation via electrocautery
  4. laryngotomy or pharyngotomy - but high rate of DDSP
32
Q

Complications of the EPig Entrap correction

A

some peiople have gone right through the epiglottis and severed it.
others have come all the way and made an iatrogenic cleft palate

33
Q

what is tricky about the sub-epiglottic cysts

A

may be concurrent with epig entrap

34
Q

Tx of the sub-epiglottic cysts

A

loop, cautery, wire, snare, formalin

35
Q

What is laryngeal hemiplegia

A

laryngeal paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (left usually) causing atrophy of the CAD muscle

36
Q

A sueable cause of Lar Hemi

A

IV injections on the left side. Carmalt had trouble that time

37
Q

Hx of Laryng hemi

A

whislte or roar, ex intolerance

38
Q

Grades of laryn hemiplegia

A 
1 - normal
2 - will abduct but not synchronously
3a - asynchronous at rest
3b - same asynchronous at rest and exercise
4 - none at all
39
Q

what grade of laryng hemi does we surgerize

A

grade 3B but 3a will progress

40
Q

Tx for laryng hemiplegia

A

laryngoplasty - this is suture between the midline of crico notch to arytenoid
sacculectomy - cut out a chunk and suture back tighter. prevents noise
partial arytenoidectomy - do if tie-back has failed
NMpedicle graft - in young horses, graft the C1/omohyoid muscle. re-innervation takes a year.

41
Q

maind ddx for arytenoid chondritis

A

laryngeal hemiplegia

42
Q

Tx of arytenoid chond

A

AM? barely get in

excision of affected cartilage

43
Q

Difference between partial and subtotal artyenoidectomy

A

partial - * good* removes all but the muscular process
subtotal leaves the corniculate process - stupid

44
Q

What is done with excision of the arytenoid in the chondritis?

A

make incision in the mucosal fold

45
Q

complications of excision from the arytenoid chondritis

A

dyspnea from trauma/bleeding

dysphagia from aspiration

Equine Medicine (20 decks)

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