Basics of Rectal Tears Flashcards
Rectal Tears causes
palpation*** giving enemas dystocia chronic impaction breeding injuries spontaneous rupture
best way to avoid Rectal Tears
don’t force against a contraction
who is predisposed to Rectal Tears
arabians
ponies, small breedds
fractious horses
colic horses**
Ways to avoid Rectal Tears
appropriate restraint like stocks, sedation, and twitches
lube
sedation
Classification of rectal tears
- only muc/submucosa
- only muscularis
- muc/sub/muscularis
- all the way through
How are grade 3A and 3B differnt Rectal Tears?
A. leaves serosa intact = serosal diverticulum
B. into the mesentery (dorsally) which is in the retro-peritoneal space
what is a complication of the grade 2 rectal tear?
prolapsing muc/submucosa causes a site for fecal impaction.
what are typical locations for Rectal Tears?
parallel to long axis.
dorsal rectum, 15-55 cm in
What are clinical signs of Rectal Tear?
release of pressure can palpate things directly now. large amount of blood on the sleeve rectum relaxes while horse is straining 2 hours later - peritonitis and endotoxic shock
How do you dx a grade 1 rectal tear?
feels like a flap
how do you dx a grade 3 Rectal Tears?
rigid and thick edges and seperated
Other ways than palpation to dx rectal tears?
(sedate to prevent further damage - epidural or sedation)
endoscopy
abdominocentesis - rule out septic peritonitis
What is initial treatment for Rectal Tears?
- minimizing what you can - pull out feces, get ready to refer
- AM - Pen/Gent/Metron
- FLinixin Meglumine (anti-inflamm/anti-endotoxin)
- laxatives to soften
- FLuids - hypertonic followed by isotonic colloids at shock dose
- rectal packing
- Reduce rectal activity - epidural anesthesia and catheter not to exceed 10 mls of mepiv
What is sufficient treatment for grade 1 and 2 Rectal Tears?
AB, Laxatives (mineral oiL), and dietary changes
why do we do rectal packing?
prevent progression to gr 3 or 4
prevent fecal cont
