URORADIOLOGY Flashcards
What is an IVU test?
lso called an intravenous urogram (IVU), is a radiological procedure used to visualize abnormalities of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.
what is the abnormality here?
complication that ariseed
congenital abnormality!>> duplex kidney
is a developmental condition in which one or both kidneys have 2 ureter tubes to drain urine, rather than a single tube
blocking its drainage into bladder!
what is the abnormality here?
complication that ariseed
horse-shoe kidney
kidneys fuse together to form a horseshoe-shape during development in the womb.
kidney stone
what typez of diffrenet imaging techniques do we use to see the kidney?
ultrasound> noninvasive, readily available,
why does bladder appear black here?
cuz its full of liquid
what do we use solodense focus for?
bc its calcified area, the ultrasound has difficulties transmitting through it and a lot of the unltrasounds bounce back to the probes.
and has posterior shadowing, which means alot of the unltrasound cant transmit through the stone.
this is typical for any bony thing or calcification. used to confirm if its a calcification.
what is ultasound of kidney used for?
look for renal stones
dilation of pelvic calices system
hydronephrosis
focal renal mass such as Absceess
it can also look at colour flow, using a doppler
what is hydronephrosis
is the swelling of a kidney due to a build-up of urine
. It happens when urine cannot drain out from the kidney to the bladder from a blockage or obstruction. Hydronephrosis can occur in one or both kidneys.
when would we look at the velocity trace?
to check for level of stenosis. velocity is increased,
urolithiasis?
what is the most imaging technoque used to diagnose stones in the urinary tract?
CT
complication of kidney stone
hydropnephrois,
blockage of dranage
what imaging to we use to determine the size and lication of kidney stone?
how to patients present with urilithosis?
loin to groun pain
urolithiasis has a high reccurence rate!
how does it go?
if u get it once u can get it again!
6eebz
small ones will pass spontaneously w/in 1-2 months
Stones more than______mm likely to require intervention
6mm
treatment?
which is treatment is the least invasive?
xray guided treatment with stones fragmented
uses shock wave to shutter stone
when can we u use shock wave?
(what r the indications)
smaller than 2cm
can be localised with imaging
where is the abnormality here?
what treatment would u give?
right renal pelvis, lower calycx, partial staghorn calculus
dilation of calcalus, cuz blocked by stone
The term “partial staghorn” calculus means a branched stone that occupies part but not all of the collecting system .
- NOT ESWL> cuz stone is too big!
- needs invasive treatment!
Cystinuria?
high concentrations of the amino acid cystine in the urine, leading to the formation of cystine stones in the kidneys, ureter, and bladder.
What is an intravenous urogram (IVU)
inject contrast in vein and in 10 mins kidneys excrete them,
and we can get info about drainage!
what is the most common isotope used for renal imaging in nucleaur medicine?
99mTc
99 technechium!
what is renal scintigraphy?
what r the different types?
Renal scintigraphy uses small amounts of radioactive materials called radiopharmaceuticals.
a special camera and a computer to evaluate your kidneys’ function and anatomy and determine whether they are working properly
- static> observes kidney over 3 hours!
- dynamic> do measurments frequently
20 YEAR OLD FEMALE STUDENT
PAIN IN RIGHT FLANK INTERMITTENT
SEVERE PAST FEW MONTHS
WORSE AFTER DRINKING ALCOHOL
ultrasound is done…
u can see dilated bladder
Ct is made.. describe fidnings
Ureter isn’t dilated
so suggest that blockage is higher
Pelvic-uteric obstruction!
can u see abnormalitiy here?
what could be the abnormaility here
PUJ obstruction
explain this
isotope is accumalating in the righ renla pelvis
cystoscopy showed bladder cancer!
(notice its painless)
abnormality?
Superficial vs muscle invasive disease
Approx 75% of cases superficial disease
Superficial disease recurs in up to 80% cases
Typical presentation painless haematuria
Investigation with US kidneys, bladder and cystoscopy
in the previous MRI wwe saw, what type of disease was it?
T4
cuz it extended beyond bladder wall into the pelvis
Renal cancer, diagnosis, staging
what is nephrostomy?
drainage catheter going through skin into the pelvic calyces system
done to releive obstruction in a blocked infected system
(Ex: lots of pus in urine)
can carry risks tho, areterio venous fistula
describe abnormalitiy here
